Pyramid with Rectangular Base

Calculus Level 4

In the rectangular pyramid above, find the angle θ \theta (in degrees) that minimizes the lateral surface area when the volume is held constant.

Express the result to six decimal places.


The answer is 61.751530.

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1 solution

Rocco Dalto
Oct 13, 2018

A E C \triangle{AEC} is an isosceles triangle E M \implies EM is the perpendicular bisector of base A C AC M E C \implies \triangle{MEC} is a right triangle and A M = M C AM = MC .

Since A C B \angle{ACB} is a common angle to both right triangle A B C ABC and M E C A B C M E C 2 m m = x + a a x = a MEC \implies \triangle{ABC} \sim \triangle{MEC} \implies \dfrac{2m}{m} = \dfrac{x + a}{a} \implies x = a and the pythagorean theorem in A B C y = 2 m = 3 a \triangle{ABC} \implies y = 2m = \sqrt{3}a .

The lateral surface area S = 1 2 ( 3 a 4 h 2 + a 2 + a 4 h 2 + 3 a 2 ) S = \dfrac{1}{2}(\sqrt{3}a\sqrt{4h^2 + a^2} + a\sqrt{4h^2 + 3a^2}) and the volume V = 1 2 3 a 2 h = k h = 2 3 k a 2 V = \dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}} a^2 h = k \implies h = \dfrac{2\sqrt{3}k}{a^2} \implies

S ( a ) = 1 2 ( 3 48 k 2 + a 6 a + 48 k 2 + 3 a 6 a ) S(a) = \dfrac{1}{2}(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\sqrt{48k^2 + a^6}}{a} + \dfrac{\sqrt{48k^2 + 3a^6}}{a}) \implies

d s d a = ( 2 3 + 6 ) a 6 48 k 2 ( 3 + 1 ) 2 a 2 48 k 2 + a 6 = 0 a 0 a = ( 8 3 k 2 ) 1 6 h = ( 3 k ) 1 3 \dfrac{ds}{da} = \dfrac{(2\sqrt{3} + 6)a^6 - 48k^2(\sqrt{3} + 1)}{2a^2\sqrt{48k^2 + a^6}} = 0 \:\ a \neq 0 \implies a = (8\sqrt{3} k^2)^{\frac{1}{6}} \implies h = (3k)^{\frac{1}{3}}

tan ( θ ) = 2 h a = 2 1 2 3 1 4 θ 61.75153 0 \implies \tan(\theta) = \dfrac{2h}{a} =2^{\frac{1}{2}} * 3^{\frac{1}{4}} \implies \theta \approx \boxed{61.751530^{\circ}} .

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