In the rectangular pyramid above, find the angle (in degrees) that minimizes the lateral surface area when the volume is held constant.
Express the result to six decimal places.
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△ A E C is an isosceles triangle ⟹ E M is the perpendicular bisector of base A C ⟹ △ M E C is a right triangle and A M = M C .
Since ∠ A C B is a common angle to both right triangle A B C and M E C ⟹ △ A B C ∼ △ M E C ⟹ m 2 m = a x + a ⟹ x = a and the pythagorean theorem in △ A B C ⟹ y = 2 m = 3 a .
The lateral surface area S = 2 1 ( 3 a 4 h 2 + a 2 + a 4 h 2 + 3 a 2 ) and the volume V = 2 3 1 a 2 h = k ⟹ h = a 2 2 3 k ⟹
S ( a ) = 2 1 ( a 3 4 8 k 2 + a 6 + a 4 8 k 2 + 3 a 6 ) ⟹
d a d s = 2 a 2 4 8 k 2 + a 6 ( 2 3 + 6 ) a 6 − 4 8 k 2 ( 3 + 1 ) = 0 a = 0 ⟹ a = ( 8 3 k 2 ) 6 1 ⟹ h = ( 3 k ) 3 1
⟹ tan ( θ ) = a 2 h = 2 2 1 ∗ 3 4 1 ⟹ θ ≈ 6 1 . 7 5 1 5 3 0 ∘ .