Pythogoral sum

Algebra Level pending

For positive integer n n , let S n S_n denote the minimum value of the sum

k = 1 n ( 2 k 1 ) 2 + a k 2 \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^n \sqrt {(2k-1)^2 + a_k^2}

where a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , , a n a_1, a_2, a_3, \cdots, a_n are positive real numbers whose sum is 17 17 . If there exist a unique positive integer n n for which S n S_n is also an integer, then find n 2 \dfrac{n}{2} .


The answer is 6.

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1 solution

Let a k = ( 2 k 1 ) tan α k a_k=(2k-1)\tan α_k . Then k = 1 n ( 2 k 1 ) tan α k = 17 , k = 1 n ( 2 k 1 ) sec α k = S n \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^n (2k-1)\tan α_k=17, \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^n (2k-1)\sec α_k=S_n . So , k = 1 n ( 2 k 1 ) sec 2 α k d α k = 0 \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^n (2k-1)\sec^2 α_kdα_k=0 . For S n S_n to be minimum, k = 1 n sec α k tan α k d α k = 0 \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^n \sec α_k\tan α_kdα_k=0 . Applying LaGrange's method of undetermined multipliers, we get k = 1 n sec α k ( sec α k + λ tan α k ) d α k 0 \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^n \sec α_k(\sec α_k+\lambda\tan α_k) dα_k\equiv 0 , where λ \lambda is an unknown constant to be determined. From this we get λ = sin α k \lambda=-\sin α_k for all k k , that is, sin α k = \sin α_k= constant α k = α = \implies α_k=α= constant. Hence k = 1 n ( 2 k 1 ) tan α = 17 tan α = 17 n 2 S n = n 2 sec α = n 4 + 289 \displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^n (2k-1)\tan α=17\implies \tan α=\dfrac{17}{n^2}\implies S_n=n^2\sec α=\sqrt {n^4+289} . Since S n S_n has to be an integer, n 4 + 289 n^4+289 must be a perfect square. Let n 4 + 289 = a 2 n^4+289=a^2 . Then ( n 2 + a ) ( n 2 a ) = 17 × 17 (n^2+a)(n^2-a)=17\times 17 . Since 17 17 is prime , n 2 a = 1 , n 2 + a = 289 n 2 = 144 n = 12 n 2 = 6 n^2-a=1, n^2+a=289\implies n^2=144\implies n=12\implies \dfrac{n}{2}=\boxed 6 .

Would you please indent the solution and provide the relevant wikis?

Adhiraj Dutta - 1 year, 1 month ago

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