Find the limits between which must lie in order that may be capable of all values, being any real quantity.
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Put 5 x 2 − 7 x + a a x 2 − 7 x + 5 = y then ( a − 5 y ) x 2 − 7 x ( 1 − y ) + ( 5 − a y ) = 0 In order that the values of x found from this quadratic may be real, the expression 4 9 ( 1 − y ) 2 − 4 ( a − 5 y ) ( 5 − a y ) must be positive, that is, ( 4 9 − 2 0 a ) y 2 + 2 ( 2 a 2 + 1 ) y + ( 4 9 − 2 0 a ) must be positive; Hence ( 2 a 2 + 1 ) 2 − ( 4 9 − 2 0 a ) 2 must be negative or zero, and (49-20a) must be positive. Now ( 2 a 2 + 1 ) − ( 4 9 − 2 0 a ) 2 is negative or zero, according as 2 ( a 2 − 1 0 a + 2 5 ) × 2 ( a 2 + 1 0 a − 2 4 ) is negative or zero; That is, according as 4 ( a − 5 ) 2 ( a + 1 2 ) ( a − 2 ) is negative or zero.
This expression is negative as long as a lies between 2 and -12 , and for such values (49-20a) is positive; the expression is zero when a=5, -12 or 2 , but (49-20a) is negative when a=5 . Hence, the limitting values are 2 and -12 ,
and a may have any intermediate value.