Quadratic weirdness

Algebra Level 2

The quadratic equation a b x 2 + a c x + b ( b x + c ) = 0 abx^2 + acx + b(bx + c) = 0 has non-zero equal and rational roots. The values of a and c respectively cannot be equal to ( a b 0 ) (ab \neq 0) ?

4 & 49 4 & 64 49 & 16 8 & 49

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2 solutions

Jordan Cahn
Oct 9, 2018

First, rearrange the quadratic: a b x 2 + ( a c + b 2 ) x + b c = 0 abx^2 + (ac+b^2)x + bc=0

Since both roots are equal, the discriminant of the above quadratic must be zero: ( a c + b 2 ) 4 a b 2 c = 0 a 2 c 2 + 2 a b 2 c + b 4 4 a b 2 c = 0 a 2 c 2 2 a b 2 c + b 4 = 0 ( a c b 2 ) 2 = 0 a c = b 2 \begin{aligned} (ac+b^2)-4ab^2c &= 0 \\ a^2c^2 +2ab^2c + b^4 - 4ab^2c &= 0 \\ a^2c^2 -2ab^2c + b^4 &= 0 \\ (ac - b^2)^2 &= 0 \\ ac &= b^2 \end{aligned}

Now, the solution to our quadratic is a c b 2 ± 0 2 a b = 2 b 2 a b = 2 b a \frac{-ac-b^2 \pm \sqrt{0}}{2ab} = \frac{-2b^2}{ab} = -\frac{2b}{a} . Since all answer options have integer a a , this will be rational if and only if b b is rational. Note that if a a and c c are perfect squares then b b is rational (say a = m 2 a=m^2 and c = n 2 c=n^2 for integers m m and n n , then b 2 = a c = m 2 n 2 b^2=ac=m^2n^2 and b = m n b=mn ).

This rules out every answer option except a = 8 a=8 and b = 49 b=49 . We can verify by computation that if b 2 = 8 × 49 b^2 = 8\times49 then b = 14 2 b=14\sqrt{2} , which is not rational. Thus, 8 & 49 is the only listed option that is not possible.

Parth Sankhe
Oct 9, 2018

Comparing to ax^2 + bx + c, b^2 - 4ac should be equal to 0 for equal roots. And since they are rational, 4ac should be a perfect square. Thus the only incorrect option would be 8 and 49

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