A qubit in the initial state is sent sequentially through the quantum gates , and . The measurement at the end delivers the state in 75% of the cases and the state in 25% of the cases.
What is on possible value for the phase angle ?
Details: The gates and are described in the basis by the matrices where .
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Matrix multiplication yields H ⋅ R ϕ ⋅ H = 2 1 ( 1 1 1 − 1 ) ⋅ ( 1 0 0 e i ϕ ) ⋅ ( 1 1 1 − 1 ) = 2 1 ( 1 1 1 − 1 ) ⋅ ( 1 e i ϕ 1 − e i ϕ ) = 2 1 ( 1 + e i ϕ 1 − e − i ϕ 1 − e − i ϕ 1 + e i ϕ ) = 2 e i ϕ / 2 ( e − i ϕ / 2 + e i ϕ / 2 e − i ϕ / 2 − e i ϕ / 2 e − i ϕ / 2 − e i ϕ / 2 e − i ϕ / 2 + e i ϕ / 2 ) = e i ϕ / 2 ( cos 2 ϕ − i sin 2 ϕ − i sin 2 ϕ cos 2 ϕ ) Therefore, the final state is H ⋅ R ϕ ⋅ H ∣ 0 ⟩ = e i ϕ / 2 ⋅ ( cos 2 ϕ ∣ 0 ⟩ − i sin 2 ϕ ∣ 1 ⟩ ) The probability for measuring ∣ 0 ⟩ results to ⟨ 0 ∣ H ⋅ R ϕ ⋅ H ∣ 0 ⟩ = cos 2 2 ϕ = ! 4 3 ⇒ ϕ = 3 π