A B C D is a convex quadrilateral satisfying A B = B C = C D , A D = D B and ∠ B A D = 7 5 ∘ . What is the measure of ∠ B C D ?
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Since ABD is isosceles, ∠ A B D = 7 5 ∘ , ∠ A D B = 3 0 ∘ . And let ∠ C B D = ∠ C D B = a . Then ∠ B C D = 1 8 0 − 2 a . By cosine rule,
A B 2 = A D 2 + D B 2 − 2 A D ⋅ D B cos ( 3 0 ) = 2 B D 2 ( 1 − 2 3 ) .
B D 2 = B C 2 + C D 2 − 2 B C ⋅ C D cos ( 1 8 0 − 2 a ) = 2 A B 2 ( 1 − c o s ( 1 8 0 − 2 a ) ) ) .
Combining these two equations and simplifying gives c o s ( 1 8 0 − 2 a ) = − 2 3 , so ∠ B C D = 1 5 0 ∘ .
We have ∠ A D B = 3 0 o . Now suppose that A D = D B = x . Then A B 2 = 2 x 2 − 2 x 2 . cos 3 0 o A B 2 = ( 2 − 3 ) x 2 So we have D B 2 = B C 2 + D C 2 − 2 B C . D C . cos ( ∠ B C D ) Since B C 2 = D C 2 = B C . D C = A B 2 = ( 2 − 3 ) x 2 and D B 2 = x 2 , we have x 2 = ( 2 − 3 ) x 2 + ( 2 − 3 ) x 2 − 2 . ( 2 − 3 ) x 2 . cos ( ∠ B C D ) Eliminate x 2 we have 1 = ( 4 − 2 3 ) ( 1 − cos ( ∠ B C D ) ) cos ( ∠ B C D ) = 1 − 4 − 2 3 1 = 2 − 3 Since ABCD is a convex quadrilateral, then we have ∠ B C D = 1 5 0 o
Good usage of the convex quadrilateral condition. It should become clear that if we reflect A across B D , we can get a quadrilateral which satisfies the length requirements, but will not be convex.
This hints at looking at the point E , which is the reflection of A across B D . Can you use this hint to get a synthetic solution?
It's pretty good hint. I realize that if E is the reflection of A across B D , then A D = 2 A E . Let F be the reflection of C across B D , then D B = 2 F B , means that A E = F B . So it must be Δ A B E ≅ Δ B C F . This affects ∠ B C F = 7 5 ∘ , and we get ∠ B C D = 2 . ∠ B C F = 1 5 0 ∘ . I think it's much better solution than before where I use much trigonometric calculation there...
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It seems that by "if E is the reflection of A across B D " you meant "if E is the projection of A onto B D ," with point F defined similarly. If E is the reflection of A across B D , then we have A D = A E , not A D = 2 A E . Nice solution, though!
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argh, so sorry, it's projection --". thanks for your correction, Omid.
You can also use the law of sines on triangle A B D to get that sin ∠ B A D = 2 . A B B D . Then if P is the midpoint of B D , then since △ B C D is isosceles, ∠ B P C is a right angle, and so sin ∠ B C P = B C B P = 2 . A B B D . Therefore ∠ B C P = ∠ B A D .
Let ∠ B C D = x , A B = a , and A D = b . Since the triangle A B D is isosceles, it follows that ∠ A B D = 7 5 ∘ and ∠ A D B = 3 0 ∘ . The law of cosines applied to the triangle A B D and triangle B C D yield a 2 = b 2 + b 2 − 2 b 2 cos 3 0 ∘ = b 2 ( 2 − 3 ) and b 2 = a 2 + a 2 − 2 a 2 cos x = 2 a 2 ( 1 − cos x ) , respectively. These two equations together imply that cos x = 1 − 2 a 2 b 2 = 1 − 2 ( 2 − 3 ) 1 = − 2 3 = cos 1 5 0 ∘ . Hence x = 1 5 0 ∘ .
Let AB=BC=CD=a and AD=DB=b
Apply Cosine Rule on Angle BAD and Angle ADB to get: (a/2b) = (1.732 - 1) / (2 1.414) and ((2 b b - a a) / (2 b b))=(1.732/2). Solve these two equations to get values of a and b and then apply Cosine Rule to Angle BCD to get cos(angle BCD) = -(1.732/2).
Therefore Angle BCD = 150 degrees.
Let BD = 1, by the cosine law in ABD, we can solve for A B 2 = 2 − 3 .
Then by the cosine law in BCD, we can find that ∠ B C D = 1 5 0 ∘ .
By Law of Sines on triangle $ABD$, we have $$ \frac{AD}{\sin 75^\circ}=\frac{BA}{\sin 30^\circ}$$ So we can write $$ AD=(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2})k=BD, AB=2k=BC=CD. $$ Now by Law of Cosines on triangle $BCD$, we have $$ \cos C=\frac{(2k)^2+(2k)^2-[(\sqrt6+\sqrt2)k]^2}{2(2k)(2k)}$$ $$ =-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\implies C=\boxed{120^\circ} $$
Since △ A D B is isosceles, m ∠ A D B = 3 0 ∘ . By the Law of Sines, 1 sin 3 0 ∘ = A D sin 7 5 ∘ Therefore, A D = B D = 2 6 + 2 . Let E be the foot of the perpendicular from C to B D , and so B E = E D , since △ B C D is isosceles. D E = 4 6 + 2 , and m ∠ E C D = sin − 1 4 6 + 2 = 7 5 ∘ . Therefore, the answer is 1 5 0 .
2(angle BAD)= angle BCD angle BAD=75 degree therefore angle BCD = 150 degree
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Reflect A with respect to B D to get point E . Since ∠ A D B = 3 0 ∘ , hence ∠ A D E = 6 0 ∘ and A D = A E , so A D E is equilateral. By side-side-side, It follows that A B E is congruent to B C D , hence ∠ B C D = ∠ A B E = 2 ∠ A B D = 1 5 0 ∘ .