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Probability Level pending

Let N N be a 5-digit palindrome. The probability that N N is divisible by 4 can be expressed as a b \frac{a}{b} , where a a and b b are coprime positive integers. What is the value of a + b a+b ?

Details and assumptions

A palindrome is a number that is the same when its digits are reversed (i.e. 232 232 is a palindrome).

The number 10 = 010 10=010 is not considered a 3-digit palindrome. It only has 2 digits, and we ignore any zero at the start.


The answer is 11.

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1 solution

Arron Kau Staff
May 13, 2014

Let N = a b c d e N = \overline{abcde} be a 5-digit palindrome, where 1 a 9 1\leq a \leq 9 , 0 b , c , d , e 9 0\leq b,c,d,e\leq 9 . For N N to be a palindrome, we must have a = e a = e and b = d b = d , so N = a b c b a N = \overline{abcba} . Thus by the rule of product, there are 9 × 10 × 10 × 1 × 1 = 900 9 \times 10 \times 10 \times 1 \times 1 = 900 5-digit palindromes.

For N = a b c b a N=\overline{abcba} to be divisible by 4 4 the last two digits must be divisible by 4 4 . There are 25 25 possible values for the last two digits (i.e. 00 , 04 , 08 , 12 , 92 , 96 00, 04, 08, 12, \ldots 92, 96 ). However any number that ends in 0 0 must be excluded since N N is a 5-digit palindrome and the first digit cannot be 0 0 . 5 5 of the 25 25 numbers end in 0 0 (i.e. 00 , 20 , 40 , 60 , 80 00, 20, 40, 60, 80 ). Thus there are 25 5 = 20 25 - 5 = 20 possibilities for the last two digits. The middle digit can be any digit from 0 0 to 9 9 and the first two digits are fixed by the last two digits. Therefore, by the rule of the product there are 20 × 10 = 200 20 \times 10 = 200 5-digit palindromes that are divisible by 4 4 .

Thus the probability is 200 900 = 2 9 \frac{200}{900} = \frac{2}{9} . Hence a + b = 2 + 9 = 11 a + b = 2 + 9 = 11 .

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