Let be a 5-digit palindrome. The probability that is divisible by 4 can be expressed as , where and are coprime positive integers. What is the value of ?
Details and assumptions
A palindrome is a number that is the same when its digits are reversed (i.e. is a palindrome).
The number is not considered a 3-digit palindrome. It only has 2 digits, and we ignore any zero at the start.
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Let N = a b c d e be a 5-digit palindrome, where 1 ≤ a ≤ 9 , 0 ≤ b , c , d , e ≤ 9 . For N to be a palindrome, we must have a = e and b = d , so N = a b c b a . Thus by the rule of product, there are 9 × 1 0 × 1 0 × 1 × 1 = 9 0 0 5-digit palindromes.
For N = a b c b a to be divisible by 4 the last two digits must be divisible by 4 . There are 2 5 possible values for the last two digits (i.e. 0 0 , 0 4 , 0 8 , 1 2 , … 9 2 , 9 6 ). However any number that ends in 0 must be excluded since N is a 5-digit palindrome and the first digit cannot be 0 . 5 of the 2 5 numbers end in 0 (i.e. 0 0 , 2 0 , 4 0 , 6 0 , 8 0 ). Thus there are 2 5 − 5 = 2 0 possibilities for the last two digits. The middle digit can be any digit from 0 to 9 and the first two digits are fixed by the last two digits. Therefore, by the rule of the product there are 2 0 × 1 0 = 2 0 0 5-digit palindromes that are divisible by 4 .
Thus the probability is 9 0 0 2 0 0 = 9 2 . Hence a + b = 2 + 9 = 1 1 .