Radical Dude!

Algebra Level 5

527 1 527 1 527 8 = a + b c , \large \sqrt[8]{527 - \dfrac{1}{527 - \frac{1}{527 - \cdots}}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b}}{c} ,

where a , b , c a,b,c are positive, square-free integers. Find the product a b c abc .

Details and Assumptions :

  • To clarify, it is the 8 th 8^\text{th} root that is being taken.


The answer is 42.

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2 solutions

Discussions for this problem are now closed

Letting the infinite continued fraction under the root sign be S S , we have that

S = 527 1 S S = 527 - \dfrac{1}{S} .

(Note that we could define S S as the limit as n n \rightarrow \infty of the sequence defined recursively by s 0 = 527 s_{0} = 527 and s n + 1 = 527 1 s n s_{n+1} = 527 - \frac{1}{s_{n}} . The limit exists since this sequence is decreasing, and since s n > 1 s_{n} \gt 1 for all n n we know that S 1 S \ge 1 , (both of which claims can be established by induction).)

Now let x = S 8 x = \sqrt[8]{S} . Then x 8 = S x^{8} = S , and so x 8 + 1 x 8 = 527 x^{8} + \dfrac{1}{x^{8}} = 527 .

We then observe that

( x 4 + 1 x 4 ) 2 = x 8 + 2 + 1 x 8 = 527 + 2 = 529 (x^{4} + \dfrac{1}{x^{4}})^{2} = x^{8} + 2 + \dfrac{1}{x^{8}} = 527 + 2 = 529 ,

and so x 4 + 1 x 4 = 529 = 23 x^{4} + \dfrac{1}{x^{4}} = \sqrt{529} = 23 .

Next, we have that ( x 2 + 1 x 2 ) 2 = x 4 + 2 + 1 x 4 = 23 + 2 = 25 (x^{2} + \dfrac{1}{x^{2}})^{2} = x^{4} + 2 + \dfrac{1}{x^{4}} = 23 + 2 = 25 ,

and so x 2 + 1 x 2 = 25 = 5 x^{2} + \dfrac{1}{x^{2}} = \sqrt{25} = 5 .

Now ( x + 1 x ) 2 = x 2 + 2 + 1 x 2 = 5 + 2 = 7 (x + \dfrac{1}{x})^{2} = x^{2} + 2 + \dfrac{1}{x^{2}} = 5 + 2 = 7 ,

and so x + 1 x = 7 x 2 7 x + 1 = 0 x + \dfrac{1}{x} = \sqrt{7} \Longrightarrow x^{2} - \sqrt{7}*x + 1 = 0

x = 7 ± 3 2 \Longrightarrow x = \dfrac{\sqrt{7} \pm \sqrt{3}}{2} .

With S 1 S \ge 1 we know that x 1 x \ge 1 , so x = 7 + 3 2 x = \dfrac{\sqrt{7} + \sqrt{3}}{2} and thus

a b c = 7 3 2 = 42 abc = 7*3*2 = \boxed{42} .

A nice problem with a nice solution! Voted up!

Hoo Zhi Yee - 6 years, 5 months ago

Very Nice problem Sir Brian and very Nice solution. I tought it was algebra tough.

Oussama Boussif - 6 years, 5 months ago

Thanks. Yes, it could be tagged as algebra too, but I've always seen infinite series problems like this tagged as calculus, so I did the same. I just tried a moment ago to tag it with algebra as well but I wasn't able to do it. Oh well .....

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 5 months ago

I've changed it to Algebra. Nice problem :)

Jake Lai - 6 years, 5 months ago

I thought this would be algebra though...

Julian Poon - 6 years, 5 months ago
Aareyan Manzoor
Jan 17, 2015

sir Brian's solution is great. but we should post any different solutions. so here it is first, solve 527 1 527 1 527 1 527 = 527 + 525 × 529 2 527-\dfrac{1}{527-\dfrac{1}{527-\dfrac{1}{527-\dotsm\dotsm}}} =\dfrac{527+\sqrt{525\times 529}}{2} now it becomes interesting. write 527 + 525 × 529 2 8 = 1054 + 2 525 × 529 4 \sqrt[8]{\dfrac{527+\sqrt{525\times 529}}{2}}=\sqrt{\sqrt{\sqrt{\dfrac{1054+2\sqrt{525\times 529}}{4}}}} ] now use this a + 2 b = d + e a + 2 b = d + e + 2 d e \sqrt{a+2\sqrt{b}}=\sqrt{d}+\sqrt{e}\longrightarrow a+2\sqrt{b}=d+e+2\sqrt{de} a = d + e , b = d e a=d+e,b=de from what we see, lets solve this 1054 + 2 525 × 529 4 = 525 + 529 + 2 525 × 529 4 = 529 + 525 2 = 23 + 525 2 \sqrt{\dfrac{1054+2\sqrt{525\times 529}}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{525+529+2\sqrt{525\times 529}}{4}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{529}+\sqrt{525}}{2}=\dfrac{23+\sqrt{525}}{2} repeat the step 23 + 525 2 = 25 + 21 + 2 25 × 21 4 = 25 + 21 2 = 5 + 21 2 \sqrt{\dfrac{23+\sqrt{525}}{2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{25+21+2\sqrt{25\times 21}}{4}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{25}+\sqrt{21}}{2}=\dfrac{5+\sqrt{21}}{2} repeat the step for one final time 5 + 21 2 = 3 + 7 + 2 3 × 7 4 = 3 + 7 2 \sqrt{\dfrac{5+\sqrt{21}}{2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{3+7+2\sqrt{3\times 7}}{4}}=\boxed{\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}}{2}}

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