Raised to the Power of 27!

Algebra Level 5

If α , β , γ \alpha,\beta,\gamma are the roots of the equation x 3 + 3 x + 9 = 0 x^{3} + 3x + 9=0 , find the value of α 27 + β 27 + γ 27 \alpha^{27} +\beta^{27} +\gamma^{27} .

Note:

1.This is not an original problem.It is inspired by a question posted by Ayush Parasar .

2.You might want to use the calculator in the last step.


The answer is -1162261467.

This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and, finally, (c) loading the non-javascript version of this page . We're sorry about the hassle.

3 solutions

Aayush Patni
Mar 31, 2015

Let x=alpha. y=beta z=gamma

Then ATQ.

x+y+z=0

xy+yz+zx=3

xyz=-9

From above 3 we can see that x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz =-27 —————(1)

(xy)^3+(yz)^3+(zx)^3. =270 ——————(2)

x^9+y^9+z^9=-27(729-810)-2187=0 ————(3)

From the above result we can see that x^27+y^27+z^27=3(xyz)^9 =-1162261467

Sorry for the poor presentation. Please upvote if you like. Just simple Vieta's Rule and last step calculations

Aayush Patni - 6 years, 2 months ago

Not bad Patni.

Kunal Verma - 6 years, 2 months ago

The problem can be solved using Newton Sums method.

Let S 1 = α + β + γ S_1 = \alpha + \beta + \gamma , S 2 = S 1 = α β + β γ + γ α S_2=S_1 = \alpha\beta + \beta \gamma + \gamma \alpha , S 3 = α β γ S_3 = \alpha \beta \gamma and P n = α n + β n + γ n P_n = \alpha^n + \beta^n + \gamma^n , where n = 1 , 2 , 3... n = 1,2,3... . Then

{ P 1 = S 1 P 2 = S 1 P 1 2 S 2 P 3 = S 1 P 2 S 2 P 1 + 3 S 3 P 4 = S 1 P 3 S 2 P 2 + S 3 P 1 . . . P n = S 1 P n 1 S 2 P n 2 + S 3 P n 3 \begin{cases} P_1 = S_1 \\ P_2 = S_1P_1 - 2S_2 \\ P_3 = S_1P_2 - S_2P_1 + 3S_3 \\ P_4 = S_1P_3 - S_2P_2 + S_3P_1 \\ ... \\ P_n = S_1P_{n-1} - S_2P_{n-2} + S_3P_{n-3} \end{cases}

Using a spreadsheet, P 27 = α 27 + β 27 + γ 27 P_{27} = \alpha^{27} + \beta^{27} + \gamma^{27} is readily calculated and it is 1162261467 \boxed{-1162261467}

i too did it in excel!

Aareyan Manzoor - 6 years, 3 months ago
Christopher Boo
Feb 5, 2015

Let a , b , c a,b,c be the roots of the equation, and

S n = a n + b n + c n P n = ( a b ) n + ( b c ) n + ( c a ) n Q n = ( a b c ) n \begin{aligned}S_n &= a^n + b^n + c^n \\ P_n &= (ab)^n + (bc)^n + (ca)^n \\ Q_n &= (abc)^n\end{aligned}

From the equation, we have

S 1 = 0 P 1 = 3 Q 1 = 9 \begin{aligned} S_1 &= 0 \\ P_1 &= 3 \\ Q_1 &= -9 \end{aligned}

Instead of using Newton's, I'll be using a beautiful algebraic expression

a 3 + b 3 + c 3 3 a b c = ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a ) a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca)

In terms of S n , P n , Q n S_n, P_n, Q_n , it will look like this

S 3 n 3 Q n = S n ( S 2 n P n ) P 3 n 3 Q 2 n = P n ( P 2 n Q n S n ) \begin{aligned}S_{3n}-3Q_n&=S_n(S_{2n} - P_n) \\ P_{3n} - 3Q_{2n} &= P_n(P_{2n}-Q_nS_n) \end{aligned}

The other two useful formula is

S n 2 = S 2 n + 2 P n P n 2 = P 2 n + 2 S n P n \begin{aligned}S_n^2 &= S_{2n} + 2P_n \\ P_n^2 &= P_{2n} + 2S_nP_n\end{aligned}

For S 1 = 0 S_1 = 0 , we can quickly obtain

S 3 = 3 Q 1 = 27 S_3 = 3Q_1 = -27

By the same method,

S 9 3 Q 3 = S 3 ( S 6 P 3 ) \begin{aligned} S_9 - 3Q_3 &= S_3(S_6-P_3) \\ \end{aligned}

We need to solve for S 6 , P 3 S_6, P_3 ,

S 6 = S 3 2 2 P 3 S_6 = S_3^2-2P_3

P 3 = P 1 P 2 + 3 Q 2 P_3 = P_1P_2 + 3Q_2

Then, solve for P 2 P_2 ,

P 2 = P 1 2 2 S 1 Q 1 = P 1 2 P_2 = P_1^2-2S_1Q_1 = P_1^2

Substitute to the equation, we have

S 9 = S 3 [ S 3 2 3 ( P 1 3 + 3 Q 2 ) ] + 3 Q 3 = 0 \begin{aligned} S_9 &= S_3[S_3^2-3(P_1^3+3Q_2)] +3Q_3\\&=0 \end{aligned}

For S 9 = 0 S_9 = 0 , then we have

S 27 3 Q 9 = 0 S 27 = 3 Q 9 = 1162261467 \begin{aligned} S_{27}-3Q_9&=0 \\ S_{27} &= 3Q_9 \\&= -1162261467\end{aligned}


I think there's a faster solution, since I've used the calculator two times.

There should certainly be a faster solution, it took me a lot of time. :|

Ritvik Choudhary - 6 years, 4 months ago

Yes you can use cardanos formula...

Rajyawardhan Singh - 2 years, 4 months ago

0 pending reports

×

Problem Loading...

Note Loading...

Set Loading...