A sphere has a radius of 10 units, and is centered at the origin. A sliding plane is defined by
For a certain range of this plane crosses the sphere, and the intersection is a circle whose area is a function of . Find the rate of change of the cross-sectional area at .
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First we find an expression for the distance d ( t ) of the center of the sphere (which is the origin) from the plane.
d ( t ) = ∣ − sin ( π / 3 ) ( 1 2 − ( 2 4 / 5 0 ) t ) ∣
Now the area of the cross section ( assuming d ( t ) ≤ 1 0 ) is given by
A ( t ) = π ( 1 0 0 − d 2 ( t ) ) = π ( 1 0 0 − sin 2 ( π / 3 ) ( 2 4 / 5 0 t − 1 2 ) 2 )
Differentiating gives the desired result
d t d A ( t ) = π ( − 2 sin 2 ( π / 3 ) ( 2 4 / 5 0 t − 1 2 ) ( 2 4 / 5 0 ) )
Substituting t = 15, gives
d ( 1 5 ) = ∣ − sin ( π / 3 ) ( 1 2 − ( 2 4 / 5 0 ) ( 1 5 ) ) ∣ = 4 . 1 5 6 9 2 ≤ 1 0
Hence,
d t d A ( 1 5 ) = π ( − 2 sin 2 ( π / 3 ) ( 2 4 / 5 0 ( 1 5 ) − 1 2 ) ( 2 4 / 5 0 ) ) = 1 0 . 8 5 7 3