Ratio of radii product to radii sum of three touching circles! Try to see what you can't!

Geometry Level 4

Three circles touch one another externally. The tangents at their points of contact meet a point whose distance from a point of contact is 4. Find find ratio of product of the radii to the sum of radii of the circle.

8 16 4 32

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2 solutions

Sanchayan Dutta
Sep 16, 2015

If the angles made by the lines at their common point are 2 α 2\alpha , 2 β 2\beta , 2 γ 2 \gamma (where their sum is 2 π 2\pi , then the three radii are pretty clearly d tan α d tan β d tan γ d \tan \alpha \qquad d\tan \beta \qquad d \tan \gamma where d d is the distance from the point of intersection to any of the points of tangency. (In the given problem, d = 4 d=4 The product of the radii is trivial; as for the sum ...

Since tan α = tan ( π β γ ) = tan ( β + γ ) = tan β + tan γ 1 tan β tan γ \tan\alpha = \tan(\pi-\beta-\gamma) = -\tan(\beta+\gamma) = -\frac{\tan\beta+\tan\gamma}{1-\tan\beta\tan\gamma}

we have tan α + tan β + tan γ = tan α tan α ( 1 tan β tan γ ) = tan α tan β tan γ \tan\alpha + \tan\beta + \tan\gamma = \tan\alpha-\tan\alpha(1-\tan\beta\tan\gamma) = \tan\alpha\tan\beta\tan\gamma

Therefore, product of radii sum of radii = d 3 tan α tan β tan γ d tan α tan β tan γ = d 2 \frac{\text{product of radii}}{\text{sum of radii}} = \frac{d^3\tan\alpha\tan\beta\tan\gamma}{d\tan\alpha\tan\beta\tan\gamma} = d^2

Deepak Kumar
Sep 23, 2015

Simple objective approach could be to consider all circles have same radius.Hence the triangle formed by joining the centers would be equilateral and given distance =in radius of the triangle.From here it can be solved even without using pen and paper.

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