Ratio of two tanned alternate signed even-odd binomial summation

Geometry Level 5

R = r = 1 2 k ( 1 ) r 1 ( 4 k 2 r 1 ) tan 2 r 1 θ r = 0 2 k ( 1 ) r ( 4 k 2 r ) tan 2 r θ \large R=\dfrac{\displaystyle\sum_{r=1}^{2k} (-1)^{r-1}\binom{4k}{2r-1}\tan^{2r-1}\theta}{\displaystyle\sum_{r=0}^{2k} (-1)^{r}\binom{4k}{2r}\tan^{2r}\theta}

Find the value of R R if k = 100 k=100 , θ = π 480 \theta = \dfrac{\pi}{480} .

Give your answer to correct 3 decimal places.


The answer is -0.577.

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2 solutions

Satyajit Mohanty
Aug 7, 2015

If you visit the wiki: Expansions of certain Trigonometric Functions , you'll find this and it's proof:


tan ( n θ ) = \substack r = 0 2 r + 1 n ( 1 ) r ( n 2 r + 1 ) tan 2 r + 1 ( θ ) \substack r = 0 2 r n ( 1 ) r ( n 2 r ) tan 2 r ( θ ) \large{\tan(n\theta) = \frac{\displaystyle \sum_{\substack{r=0 \\ 2r+1 \leq n}} (-1)^r \binom{n}{2r+1} \tan^{2r+1}(\theta)}{\displaystyle \sum_{\substack{r=0 \\ 2r \leq n}} (-1)^r \binom{n}{2r} \tan^{2r}(\theta)}}


Substituting the required values, we can obtain our answer as 0.577 -0.577 .

Í'm shocked that it's a 400 point problem :D

Satyajit Mohanty - 5 years, 10 months ago
Kartik Sharma
Jul 10, 2015

Well, it is just as easy as you would think.

The upper sum can be written as -

1 ι r = 1 2 k ( 4 k 2 r 1 ) ( ι t a n θ ) 2 r 1 \displaystyle \frac{1}{\iota} \sum_{r=1}^{2k}{\binom{4k}{2r-1} {(\iota tan \theta)}^{2r-1}}

And the lower sum as -

r = 0 2 k ( 4 k 2 r ) ( ι t a n θ ) 2 r \displaystyle \sum_{r=0}^{2k}{\binom{4k}{2r} {(\iota tan \theta)}^{2r}}

Saw something?

They both add to(if we neglect that 1 ι \frac{1}{\iota} term) - ( 1 + ι t a n θ ) 4 k {(1+\iota tan\theta)}^{4k}

So,

R = 1 ι ι I m ( ( 1 + ι t a n θ ) 4 k ) R e ( ( 1 + ι t a n θ ) 4 k ) \displaystyle R = \frac{\frac{1}{\iota} \iota Im({(1+\iota tan\theta)}^{4k})}{Re({(1+\iota tan\theta)}^{4k})}

Using Euler's formula, we get

R ( k , θ ) = t a n ( 4 k θ ) \displaystyle R\left(k, \theta\right) = tan\left(4k\theta\right)

Substituting values we get

R ( 100 , π 480 ) = 1 3 \displaystyle R\left(100, \frac{\pi}{480}\right) = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}

Hey ! @Kartik Sharma , Thanks a lot for posting a solution! I just arrived at this formula by seeking a pattern for smaller values of k and then generalizing it. Since you have given the proof , its very helpful. :)

Nihar Mahajan - 5 years, 11 months ago

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I'm honored. You're always welcome.

Kartik Sharma - 5 years, 11 months ago

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