Is it irrational or rational?
Bonus: What about if is an integer greater than or equal to
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Let a , b ∈ N , d , m ∈ Z , n not be a power of 2 nor a square, cos ( θ ) = n 1 , T b ( x ) be Chebyshev polynomials, and say π θ = b a , then
± 1 ± ( n ) b = cos ( b θ ) = T b ( c o s ( θ ) ) = T b ( n 1 ) = 2 b − 1 ( n 1 ) b + d ( n 1 ) b − 1 + m ( n 1 ) b − 2 = 2 b − 1 + d n + m n
If b is even, then 2 b − 1 = n ( ± n 2 b − 2 − m ) , which is a contradiction since n has a prime factor that isn't 2 .
If b is odd, then 2 b − 1 = − m n , which is a contradiction.
For the case where n is a square but not a power of 2 , we have 2 b − 1 = n ( ± ( n ) b − 1 − d − m n ) which is a contradiction since n has a prime factor that isn't 2 .
Therefore, π 1 arccos ( n 1 ) is irrational when n is not a power of 2 .