To cross a river of width b = 3 2 0 m , a captain steers his boat always aiming towards a point that is directly across the river from his starting point. The velocity of his boat relative to river current is v b r = 2 . 5 m/s and river current velocity is v r = 1 . 5 m/s everywhere.
Determine the time t (in seconds) the boat will take to cross the river.
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Did same thing! The hint simplified the problem.
This was in irodov!
θ is the angel between direction of boats velocity and line connecting initial and final position.
u is the speed of the water
V is the speed of the boat relative to the water
r is the distance between boat and the final position
d is the river width
d t d r = V − u sin ( θ )
∫ 0 d d r = V ∫ 0 T d t − u ∫ 0 T s i n ( θ ) d t
d = V T − u ∫ 0 T s i n ( θ ) d t
Horizontal distance boat travels is equal to 0 , so we can write:
0 = ∫ 0 T u d t − ∫ 0 T V s i n ( θ ) d t
0 = u T − V ∫ 0 T s i n ( θ ) d t
∫ 0 T s i n ( θ ) d t = V u T
By putting value of this integral in first equation we get:
d = ( V − V u ) T
So the time is equal to:
T = V 2 − u 2 V d = 2 0 0 s
I did not use the water's frame of reference, I do not see how that helps.
(x,y) is the position of the boat measured such that the boat starts at (0,0), y is the downstream-direction, and x is the across-stream direction
θ is the direction of travel, measured such that it is zero at the starting position
V is the speed of the boat relative to the water
W is the speed of the water (relative to the shore)
tan ( θ ) = L − x y
d t d x = x ˙ = V cos ( θ ) = 1 + ( L − x y ) 2 V
d t d y = y ˙ = V sin ( θ ) = ( L − x ) 1 + ( L − x y ) 2 V y
d x / d t d y / d t = d x d y = V W 1 + ( L − x y ) 2 − L − x y
I will define z = L − x y and thus y = z ( L − x )
d x d y = d x d [ z ( L − x ) ] = d x d z ( L − x ) − z = V W 1 + z 2 − z
d x d z = V ( L − x ) W 1 + z 2
∫ 1 + z 2 d z = ∫ V W L − x d x
a r c s i n h ( z ) = V − W l n ( L − x ) = a r c s i n h ( L − x y )
Now we know the path the boat takes
(It is the (x,y) solutions to the above relationship)
And we also know the x-speed as a function of the (x,y) position, x ˙ ( x , y ) , it was the first equation I wrote. Since we know y(x) we can reduce it to x ˙ ( x , y ( x ) ) = x ˙ ( x )
x ˙ = 1 + ( s i n h ( V W l n ( L − x L ) ) ) 2 v = c o s h ( V W l n ( L − x L ) ) v = ( L − x L ) W / V + ( L − x L ) − w / v 2 v = d t d x
∫ ( ( L − x L ) W / V + ( L − x L ) − W / V ) d x = 2 v ∫ d t
− L ( V W + 1 ( 1 − L x ) V W + 1 + − V W + 1 ( 1 − L x ) − V W + 1 ) = 2 v t + C
Use the initial condition (x=0,t=0) to find C, and then solve for t when x=L and you get 200 seconds. (I will not do it, this post is long enough.)
I did not solve this alone! A friend helped me, and I would not have done it without them. I just wanted to share the solution
Probably you are talking about this . Or some more solutions from Feynman Lectures ? If no, then do check! It's a good site.
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On simplification, t = v b r 2 − v r 2 b v b r = 2 0 0