( cos 6 0 ∘ + i sin 6 0 ∘ ) 1 2 + ( cos 6 0 ∘ + i sin 6 0 ∘ ) 1 1 + ⋯ + ( cos 6 0 ∘ + i sin 6 0 ∘ ) + 1 2
Calculate the real part of the expression above.
Clarification: i = − 1 .
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We note that cos 6 0 ∘ + i sin 6 0 ∘ = cos 3 π + i sin 3 π = e 3 π = ω is the 6 t h root of unit. Then, we have ω 5 + ω 4 + ω 3 + ω 2 + ω + 1 = 0 , ω 6 = 1 and ω n = ω n mod 6 . Therefore,
S = ( cos 6 0 ∘ + i sin 6 0 ∘ ) 1 2 + ( cos 6 0 ∘ + i sin 6 0 ∘ ) 1 1 + . . . + ( cos 6 0 ∘ + i sin 6 0 ∘ ) + 1 2 = ω 1 2 + ω 1 1 + ω 1 0 + ω 9 + ω 8 + ω 7 + ω 6 + ω 5 + ω 4 + ω 3 + ω 2 + ω + 1 2 = ( 1 + ω 5 + ω 4 + ω 3 + ω 2 + ω ) + ( 1 + ω 5 + ω 4 + ω 3 + ω 2 + ω ) + 1 2 = 0 + 0 + 1 2 = 1 2
Great approach!
Real parts will be simply cos(60) + cos(120) + cos(180) +... cos(720) + 12 (Using De Moivre's Theorem)
For evaluating this series we have
When the angles inside sine or cosine are in AP then we have these set of formulae which are very well known
http://evergreen.loyola.edu/mpknapp/www/papers/knapp-sv.pdf
If we substituted these values in expression we would get value as 0
Hence real part = 12
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Let ( cos 6 0 ° + i sin 6 0 ° ) = w . Then, we can rewrite the expression as
w 1 2 + w 1 1 + . . . + w + 1 + 1 1 = w − 1 w 1 3 − 1 + 1 1 = ( cos 6 0 ° + i sin 6 0 ° ) − 1 ( cos 6 0 ° + i sin 6 0 ° ) 1 3 − 1 + 1 1
Applying De Moivre's Formula,
( cos 6 0 ° + i sin 6 0 ° ) 1 3 = cos ( 1 3 ⋅ 6 0 ° ) + i sin ( 1 3 ⋅ 6 0 ° ) = cos 7 8 0 ° + i sin 7 8 0 ° = cos 6 0 ° + i sin 6 0 °
Therefore the equation is simply
( cos 6 0 ° + i sin 6 0 ° ) − 1 ( cos 6 0 ° + i sin 6 0 ° ) − 1 + 1 1 = 1 2