Really Complex!

Algebra Level 5

min z 1 { max { 1 + z , 1 + z 2 } } \large \min _{ \left| z \right| \le 1 }{ \left\{ \max { \left\{ \left| 1+z \right| , \left| 1 + { z }^{ 2 } \right| \right\} } \right\} }

For some complex number z z , find the value of the expression above.


The answer is 0.8740.

This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and, finally, (c) loading the non-javascript version of this page . We're sorry about the hassle.

1 solution

You can show that the minimum of max ( 1 + z , 1 + z 2 ) \max{(|1+z|,|1+z^2|)} occurs on either 1 + z = 1 + z 2 |1+z|=|1+z^2| or z = 1 |z| = 1 (look at the local extrema of 1 + z , 1 + z 2 |1+z|, |1+z^2| in the unit disk). In fact, the minimum occurs on 1 + z = 1 + z 2 , z 1 |1+z|=|1+z^2|, |z| \leq 1 (you can maybe show this with the Maximum Modulus principle, I'm not sure). Anyway, so we want

min 0 r 1 , 1 + z = 1 + z 2 1 + 2 r cos ( θ ) + r 2 \sqrt{\min_{0 \leq r \leq 1, |1+z| = |1+z^2|}{1+2 r \cos(\theta) + r^2}} .

where we wrote z = r e i θ z = r e^{i \theta} . The constraint 1 + z = 1 + z 2 |1+z|=|1+z^2| reduces to a quadratic in cos θ \cos{\theta} (whose coefficients involve r r ), and we choose the solution with the minus sign (because the one with the plus sign is 2 \geq 2 ). So we want

min 0 r 1 r 2 + 1 2 ( 1 4 r 4 + 12 r 2 + 1 ) + 1 . \min_{0 \leq r \leq 1}{r^2+\frac{1}{2} \left(1-\sqrt{-4 r^4+12 r^2+1}\right)+1}.

Taking the derivative and setting it to zero, we get 4 r 4 + 12 r 2 + 1 = 3 2 r 2 \sqrt{-4 r^4+12 r^2+1}=3-2 r^2 , so equivalently we want to minimize 2 r 2 2 r^2 where 4 r 4 + 12 r 2 ( 3 2 r 2 ) 2 + 1 = 0 , r = 0 , r = 1 -4 r^4+12 r^2-\left(3-2 r^2\right)^2+1=0, r=0, r=1 . We get the minimum is 3 5 \sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}} .

0 pending reports

×

Problem Loading...

Note Loading...

Set Loading...