An algebra problem by Priyanshu Mishra

Algebra Level 4

If f ( x ) = x 2 + α x + β f(x) = x^2 + \alpha x + \beta , where α \alpha and β \beta are real numbers, and f ( f ( x ) ) = 0 f(f(x)) = 0 has two roots 1 and 2, what is f ( 0 ) f(0) ?


The answer is -1.5.

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1 solution

Since the roots of f ( f ( x ) ) f(f(x)) are 1 and 2. Then { f ( f ( 1 ) ) = f ( α + β + 1 ) = 0 f ( f ( 2 ) ) = f ( 2 α + β + 4 ) = 0 \implies \begin{cases} f(f(1)) = f(\alpha + \beta+1) = 0 \\ f(f(2)) = f(2\alpha + \beta+4) = 0 \end{cases} . This means that the roots of f ( x ) f(x) are α + β + 1 \alpha + \beta+1 and 2 α + β + 4 2\alpha + \beta+4 and by Vieta's formula :

α + β + 1 + 2 α + β + 4 = α 4 α + 2 β = 5 . . . ( 1 ) \begin{aligned} \alpha + \beta+1 + 2\alpha + \beta+4 & = - \alpha \\ \implies 4\alpha + 2\beta & = -5 & ...(1) \end{aligned}

( α + β + 1 ) ( 2 α + β + 4 ) = β Note ( 1 ) : 4 α + 2 β = 5 ( α + β + 1 ) ( 5 2 + 4 ) = β 3 α + β = 3 . . . ( 2 ) \begin{aligned} (\alpha + \beta+1)({\color{#3D99F6}2\alpha + \beta}+4) & = \beta & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Note }(1): \ 4\alpha + 2\beta = -5 \\ (\alpha + \beta+1)\left({\color{#3D99F6}- \frac 52}+4\right) & = \beta \\ 3\alpha + \beta & = - 3 \qquad ...(2) \end{aligned}

From 3 ( 1 ) 4 ( 2 ) : 2 β = 3 β = 3 2 3(1)-4(2): \quad 2\beta = - 3 \implies \beta = - \dfrac 32 . Note that f ( 0 ) = β = 3 2 = 1.5 f(0) = \beta = - \dfrac 32 = \boxed{-1.5} .

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