Rectangle in triangle

Calculus Level 2

A rectangle is drawn inside a right-angled triangle so that two of its sides lie on the shorter sides of the triangle. If the shorter sides of the triangle have lengths a a and b , b, what is the maximum area of the rectangle in terms of a a and b ? b?

a b 10 \frac{ab}{10} a b 8 \frac{ab}{8} a b 6 \frac{ab}{6} a b 4 \frac{ab}{4} a b 2 \frac{ab}{2}

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1 solution

Marcus Luebke
Dec 12, 2017

First we put a line of length a a on the x-axis, and a line of length b b on the y-axis. Connecting the endpoints ( a , 0 ) (a,0) and ( 0 , b ) (0,b) , we get a line with equation y = b b a x y=b-\frac{b}{a}x . These lines form a triangle. Then, we draw a line at x = c x=c , for some c c . We see that the width of the triangle is c c , while the height is b b a c b-\frac{b}{a}c . Thus, the area is c ( b b a c ) = b c b a c 2 c(b-\frac{b}{a}c)=bc-\frac{b}{a}c^2 , a parabolic equation. The maximum of a parabola with form y = A x 2 + B x + C y=Ax^2+Bx+C is ( B 2 A , C B 2 4 A ) (-\frac{B}{2A},C-\frac{B^2}{4A}) , so the maximum area is 0 ( b ) 2 4 b a = a b 2 4 b = a b 4 0-\frac{(b)^2}{4\frac{-b}{a}} = -\frac{-ab^2}{4b}=\frac{ab}{4} . This corresponds to cutting each length in half and drawing a rectangle to the edge.

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