⎩ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎧ D n + 1 = 8 L n + 3 9 n − 9 D n + 9 n = L n + 6 n = K 3 n + 3 3 n L 0 = D 0 = K 0 = 1
Solve the system of recurrences with respect to K n , L n and D n in terms of n for n ≥ 0 . Submit the value of ( D 6 − K 1 5 − L 5 ) as your answer.
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We have D n + 1 = 8 L n + 3 9 n − 9 . . . ( 1 )
We also have 8 D n + 7 2 n = 8 L n + 4 8 n . . . ( 2 )
By ( 1 ) − ( 2 ) , we obtain: D n + 1 = 8 D n + 6 3 n − 9 . . . ( 3 )
Using the above equation, we can observe that:
⎩ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎧ D 0 = 1 = 8 0 − 9 ( 0 ) D 1 = − 1 = 8 1 − 9 ( 1 ) D 2 = 4 6 = 8 2 − 9 ( 2 ) D 3 = 4 8 5 = 8 3 − 9 ( 3 )
Let's show by induction that D n = 8 n − 9 ( n ) . . . ( 4 )
Now, ( 4 ) is true for n = 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 as seen by the examples.
Suppose D n = 8 n − 9 n
⇒ D n + 1 = 8 D n + 6 3 n − 9 = 8 ( 8 n − 9 n ) + 6 3 n − 9 = 8 n + 1 − 9 ( n + 1 ) .
Hence, by induction, we proved that D n = 8 n − 9 n
Now, by ( 2 ) , we get L n = 8 n − 6 n
We have K 3 n = L n + 6 n − 3 3 n = 8 n − 3 3 n = 2 3 n − 1 1 ( 3 n )
Substituting 3 n by n we get K n = 2 n − 1 1 n
So D 6 − K 1 5 − L 5 = ( 8 6 − 9 ⋅ 6 ) − ( 8 5 − 6 ⋅ 5 ) − ( 2 1 5 − 1 1 ⋅ 1 5 ) = 1 9 6 7 4 9