Regular N-Gon Mass / Spring Oscillation

Suppose we construct a regular convex polygon with N N sides ( ( a regular N N -gon ) . ). Massive point-particles reside at the vertices, and the particles are connected by massless ideal springs (shown as blue lines) which form the polygon's sides. Let the individual particle masses and the individual spring constants be defined as follows ( ( for N 3 ) : N \geq 3): m = m 0 N , k = N k 0 . m = \frac{m_0}{N}, \quad k = N \, k_0. Suppose the N N -gon oscillates by expanding and contracting periodically without altering its shape. The limiting value of the angular frequency of oscillation ( ω ) (\omega) as N N tends toward infinity can be expressed as

ω = α k 0 m 0 . \omega_{\infty} = \alpha \sqrt{\frac{k_0}{m_0}}\, .

What is the value of α \alpha ?


Note: Neglect mutual gravitation between particles.


The answer is 6.283185.

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1 solution

Ivo Zerkov
Nov 2, 2017

In the above image, the green lines represent the springs in the equilibrium position, \text{In the above image, the green lines represent the springs in the equilibrium position, }

and the blue ones - once the entire polygon is stretched out. \text{and the blue ones - once the entire polygon is stretched out.}

Let F ( t ) F(t) be the magnitude of the force due to one of the springs on a particle, and let a ( t ) a(t) be the distance a particle is from its equilibrium position.

As we can see from the figure, the total force acting on a particle is m d 2 a d t 2 = 2 F ( t ) cos ( x ) m\frac{d^2a}{dt^2}=2F(t)\cdot \cos(x) , where x = 1 2 ( π 2 π N ) x=\frac{1}{2}(\pi-\frac{2\pi}{N}) .

On the other hand, if l l is the length of a spring, F ( t ) = k Δ l = k ( 2 a ( t ) cos ( x ) ) F(t)=-k\Delta l=-k\cdot (2a(t)\cdot \cos(x)) , again evident from the picture.

Thus we have m d 2 a d t 2 = 2 F ( t ) cos ( x ) = 4 k a ( t ) cos 2 ( x ) m\frac{d^2a}{dt^2}=2F(t)\cdot \cos(x)=-4k\cdot a(t)\cdot \cos^2(x) .

This is just regular harmonic oscillation:

a ( t ) = A sin ( ω t ) a(t)=A\cdot \sin(\omega t)

m ω 2 A sin ( ω t ) = 4 k cos 2 ( x ) A sin ( ω t ) -m\omega^2 A\cdot \sin(\omega t)=-4k\cdot \cos^2(x)\cdot A\cdot \sin(\omega t)

ω = k m 2 cos ( x ) \omega=\displaystyle\sqrt\frac{k}{m}\cdot 2\cos(x)

Substituting k = N k 0 k=Nk_{0} and m = m 0 N m=\frac{m_{0}}{N} :

ω = k 0 m 0 2 N cos ( x ) \omega=\displaystyle\sqrt\frac{k_{0}}{m_{0}}\cdot 2N\cos(x)

Finally, we have cos ( x ) = cos ( 1 2 ( π 2 π N ) ) = cos ( π 2 π N ) = sin ( π N ) π N \cos(x)=\cos(\frac{1}{2}(\pi-\frac{2\pi}{N}))=\cos(\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{\pi}{N})=\sin(\frac{\pi}{N})\approx\frac{\pi}{N} for large N, and so

ω = k 0 m 0 2 N π N = 2 π k 0 m 0 \omega=\displaystyle\sqrt\frac{k_{0}}{m_{0}}\cdot 2N\frac{\pi}{N}=2\pi\displaystyle\sqrt\frac{k_{0}}{m_{0}} , making the answer 2 π 6.283 2\pi\approx6.283

Nice one! Mine is similar

Nikola Yanakiev - 3 years, 7 months ago

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