Suppose we construct a regular convex polygon with sides a regular -gon Massive point-particles reside at the vertices, and the particles are connected by massless ideal springs (shown as blue lines) which form the polygon's sides. Let the individual particle masses and the individual spring constants be defined as follows for Suppose the -gon oscillates by expanding and contracting periodically without altering its shape. The limiting value of the angular frequency of oscillation as tends toward infinity can be expressed as
What is the value of ?
Note:
Neglect mutual gravitation between particles.
This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try
refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and,
finally, (c)
loading the
non-javascript version of this page
. We're sorry about the hassle.
In the above image, the green lines represent the springs in the equilibrium position,
and the blue ones - once the entire polygon is stretched out.
Let F ( t ) be the magnitude of the force due to one of the springs on a particle, and let a ( t ) be the distance a particle is from its equilibrium position.
As we can see from the figure, the total force acting on a particle is m d t 2 d 2 a = 2 F ( t ) ⋅ cos ( x ) , where x = 2 1 ( π − N 2 π ) .
On the other hand, if l is the length of a spring, F ( t ) = − k Δ l = − k ⋅ ( 2 a ( t ) ⋅ cos ( x ) ) , again evident from the picture.
Thus we have m d t 2 d 2 a = 2 F ( t ) ⋅ cos ( x ) = − 4 k ⋅ a ( t ) ⋅ cos 2 ( x ) .
This is just regular harmonic oscillation:
a ( t ) = A ⋅ sin ( ω t )
− m ω 2 A ⋅ sin ( ω t ) = − 4 k ⋅ cos 2 ( x ) ⋅ A ⋅ sin ( ω t )
ω = m k ⋅ 2 cos ( x )
Substituting k = N k 0 and m = N m 0 :
ω = m 0 k 0 ⋅ 2 N cos ( x )
Finally, we have cos ( x ) = cos ( 2 1 ( π − N 2 π ) ) = cos ( 2 π − N π ) = sin ( N π ) ≈ N π for large N, and so
ω = m 0 k 0 ⋅ 2 N N π = 2 π m 0 k 0 , making the answer 2 π ≈ 6 . 2 8 3