Relation between sides and medians

Geometry Level 3

The sum of squares of the three medians of a triangle is 51 51 . What is the sum of squares of the three sides of that triangle?


The answer is 68.

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1 solution

Sathvik Acharya
Jan 27, 2021

Let the sides of the triangle be a , b , c a,b,c and the medians to these sides be m a , m b , m c m_a,m_b,m_c respectively. We are given that, m a 2 + m b 2 + m c 2 = 51 m_a^2+m_b^2+m_c^2=51 By the Apollonius's Theorem , we have, a 2 + b 2 = 2 ( m c 2 + ( c 2 ) 2 ) c 2 + a 2 = 2 ( m b 2 + ( b 2 ) 2 ) b 2 + c 2 = 2 ( m a 2 + ( a 2 ) 2 ) \begin{aligned} a^2+b^2&=2\left(m_c^2+\left(\frac{c}{2}\right)^2\right) \\ c^2+a^2&=2\left(m_b^2+\left(\frac{b}{2}\right)^2\right) \\ b^2+c^2&=2\left(m_a^2+\left(\frac{a}{2}\right)^2\right) \\ \end{aligned} Adding the above equations, 2 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) = 2 ( m a 2 + m b 2 + m c 2 + a 2 4 + b 2 4 + c 2 4 ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) ( 1 1 4 ) = m a 2 + m b 2 + m c 2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 4 3 ( m a 2 + m b 2 + m c 2 ) = 68 \begin{aligned} 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)&=2\left(m_a^2+m_b^2+m_c^2+\frac{a^2}{4}+\frac{b^2}{4}+\frac{c^2}{4}\right) \\ (a^2+b^2+c^2)\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)&=m_a^2+m_b^2+m_c^2 \\ \therefore\; a^2+b^2+c^2&=\frac{4}{3}(m_a^2+m_b^2+m_c^2) \\ &=\boxed{68} \end{aligned}

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