The equation
x 1 1 + x 2 1 + . . . + x 2 0 1 4 1 + x 1 . x 2 . . . . . x 2 0 1 4 1 = 1
has a unique solution in positive integers, where x 1 < x 2 < . . . < x 2 0 1 4
Find x 2 0 1 4 modulo 5 × 7 × 1 3 .
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I am not sure how to prove that the solution is unique, but if we let x 1 = 2 and x k + 1 = x k 2 − x k + 1 for k ≥ 1 , we get that x 1 1 + ⋯ + x k 1 + x 1 x 2 ⋯ x k 1 = 1 for all k . (This is an easy induction; the key is that a k is one more than the product of the previous a i .)
Mod 5 this sequence is 2 , 3 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 3 , … .
Mod 7 it's 2 , 3 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 1 , … .
Mod 1 3 it's 2 , 3 , 7 , 4 , 0 , 1 , 1 , 1 , … .
So x 2 0 1 4 is 3 mod 5 , 1 mod 7 , and 1 mod 1 3 . By the Chinese Remainder Theorem, it is 1 8 3 mod the product.