Riemann vs 2018

Calculus Level 5
  • a) Let σ ( n ) \sigma (n) be the sum of all the positive integers divisors of a positive integer n n . Then, n = 1 σ ( n ) n 2018 \displaystyle \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{\sigma (n)}{n^{2018}} can be written as ζ ( A ) ζ ( A 1 ) \zeta (A) \cdot \zeta (A - 1) being A A a positive integer.

  • b) Let ψ ( n ) \psi (n) be the number of positive integers divisors of a positive integer n n . Then, n = 1 ψ ( n ) n 2018 \displaystyle \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty} \frac{\psi (n)}{n^{2018}} can be written as ζ ( B ) 2 \zeta (B)^{2} being B B a positive integer.

  • Enter A + B 4 \large \frac{A + B}{4} .

Bonus.- Generalize a) and b) ..

Asumption.- ζ ( ) \zeta (\cdot) is Riemann-zeta function.


The answer is 1009.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Mar 13, 2018

For two functions f , g f,g with domain N \mathbb{N} , the Dirichlet convolution f g f \star g is the function ( f g ) ( n ) = d n f ( d ) g ( n d ) n N (f \star g)(n) \; = \; \sum_{d|n} f(d) g\big(\tfrac{n}{d}\big) \hspace{2cm} n \in \mathbb{N} For any function f f with domain N \mathbb{N} define S f ( s ) = n 1 f ( n ) n s S_f(s) \; = \; \sum_{n \ge 1} \frac{f(n)}{n^s} for s > 0 s > 0 large enough to ensure convergence (if possible). It is a standard piece of bookwork that if S f ( s ) S_f(s) and S g ( s ) S_g(s) are absolutely convergent for s > T s > T , then S f g ( s ) S_{f \star g}(s) is also absolutely convergent for s > T s > T , and that S f g ( s ) = S f ( s ) S g ( s ) s > T S_{f \star g}(s) \; = \; S_f(s) S_g(s) \hspace{2cm} s > T Note that ψ = 1 1 \psi = 1 \star 1 and σ = 1 i \sigma = 1 \star i where 1 ( n ) = 1 1(n) = 1 , i ( n ) = n i(n) = n for all n 1 n \ge 1 . Since S 1 ( s ) = ζ ( s ) S_1(s) = \zeta(s) for s > 1 s > 1 and S i ( s ) = ζ ( s 1 ) S_i(s) = \zeta(s-1) for s > 2 s > 2 , we deduce that S ψ ( s ) = ζ ( s ) 2 s > 1 S σ ( s ) = ζ ( s ) ζ ( s 1 ) s > 2 \begin{array}{rclll} S_\psi(s) &=& \zeta(s)^2 & \hspace{1cm} & s > 1 \\ S_\sigma(s) &=& \zeta(s)\zeta(s-1)& & s > 2 \end{array}

Thus we have A = B = 2018 A = B = 2018 , making the answer 1009 \boxed{1009} .

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