Right triangle rotation

Geometry Level pending

Imagine a 30-60-90 triangle with a pencil point at the 90 degree angle. Fix a thumbtack at the vertex corresponding to the 30 degree angle, and rotate the triangle about this thumbtack. Next, move the thumbtack to the 60-degree vertex and repeat. Let A be the area of intersection of these two curves. Find A divided by the area of the triangle. Round your answer to 3 decimal places.


The answer is 1.023.

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2 solutions

The loci of the vertex at 90 ° 90\degree will be two circles of radii a a and a 3 a\sqrt 3 , where a a is the length of the side opposite to the 30 ° 30\degree vertex. There intersection encloses an area of

a 2 ( π 2 3 3 4 ) + a 2 ( π 3 3 4 ) a^2(\frac{π}{2}-\frac{3\sqrt 3}{4})+a^2(\frac{π}{3}-\frac{\sqrt 3}{4})

= a 2 ( 5 π 6 3 ) =a^2(\frac{5π}{6}-\sqrt 3) .

Area of the triangle is 3 a 2 2 \dfrac{\sqrt 3a^2}{2} .

Therefore the required ratio is

2 3 ( 5 π 6 3 ) 1.023 \dfrac{2}{\sqrt 3}(\frac{5π}{6}-\sqrt 3)\approx \boxed {1.023} .

Ron Gallagher
May 18, 2020

Since the sides of a 30-60-90 triangle are in the ratio of 1:sqrt(3):2, it is no loss of generality to choose a coordinate system with the 90 degree angle at the origin, one vertex at point P(1,0) and another vertex at point Q(0, sqrt(3)). When we place the thumbtack and P and rotate, we obtain the circle (x-1)^2+y^2 = 1. When we move the thumbtack to Q and rotate, we obtain the circle x^2 + (y-sqrt(3))^2 = 3. Solving this system of equations, we obtain intersection points of (0,0) and (3/2, sqrt(3) / 2). The area between these circles is then the integral from x = 0 to x = 3/2 of (1-(x-1)^2)^.5 - sqrt(3) + (3-x^2)^.5. This integral, which can be evaluated by trigonometric substitution, is equal to 5 Pi/6 - sqrt(3) = .8859 (approximately). Since the area of the triangle is sqrt(3) / 2, the required quotient is (5 Pi/6 - sqrt(3)) / (sqrt(3) / 2) = 1.023 (approximately)

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