RLC 6-17-2020

An RLC circuit is excited by two DC voltage sources. At time t = 0 t = 0 , the capacitors and inductors are de-energized. Let V C 1 M V_{C1M} be the maximum value of the voltage across capacitor C 1 C_1 over all time. Let V C 1 V_{C1 \infty} be the limiting value of the voltage across capacitor C 1 C_1 as the elapsed time approaches infinity.

What is V C 1 M V C 1 \Large{\frac{V_{C1M}}{V_{C1 \infty}}} ?

Details and Assumptions:
1) V 1 = 20 V_1 = 20
2) V 2 = 10 V_2 = 10
3) R = L = 1 R = L = 1
4) C 1 = C 2 = 0.1 C_1 = C_2 = 0.1


The answer is 1.194.

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2 solutions

Karan Chatrath
Jun 18, 2020

Charge on C 1 C_1 : Q 1 Q_1

Charge on C 2 C_2 : Q 2 Q_2

Source current through V 1 V_1 : I V 1 I_{V_1}

Source current through V 2 V_2 : I V 2 I_{V_2}

Initial conditions:

Q 1 ( 0 ) = Q 2 ( 0 ) = I L ( 0 ) = 0 Q_1(0) = Q_2(0) = I_L(0)=0

Circuit Equations:

I V 1 = I L + I C 1 I_{V_1} = I_L + I_{C_1} I C 2 = I L + I V 2 I_{C_2} = I_L + I_{V_2} Q ˙ 1 = I C 1 \dot{Q}_1 = I_{C_1} Q ˙ 1 = I C 2 \dot{Q}_1 = I_{C_2} V 1 + R I V 1 + Q 1 C 1 = 0 -V_1 + RI_{V_1} + \frac{Q_1}{C_1}=0 V 2 + R I V 2 + Q 2 C 2 = 0 -V_2 + RI_{V_2} + \frac{Q_2}{C_2}=0 L I ˙ L + Q 2 C 2 = Q 1 C 1 L\dot{I}_L +\frac{Q_2}{C_2} = \frac{Q_1}{C_1}

Laplace Transform on both sides:

I V 1 ( s ) = I L ( s ) + I C 1 ( s ) I_{V_1} (s)= I_L(s) + I_{C_1}(s) I C 2 ( s ) = I L ( s ) + I V 2 ( s ) I_{C_2}(s) = I_L(s) + I_{V_2}(s) s Q 1 ( s ) = I C 1 ( s ) sQ_1(s) = I_{C_1}(s) s Q 2 ( s ) = I C 2 ( s ) sQ_2(s) = I_{C_2}(s) V 1 s + R I V 1 ( s ) + Q 1 ( s ) C 1 = 0 -\frac{V_1}{s}+ RI_{V_1}(s) + \frac{Q_1(s)}{C_1}=0 V 1 s + R I V 2 ( s ) + Q 2 ( s ) C 2 = 0 -\frac{V_1}{s}+ RI_{V_2}(s) + \frac{Q_2(s)}{C_2}=0 L s I L + Q 2 ( s ) C 2 = Q 1 ( s ) C 1 LsI_L +\frac{Q_2(s)}{C_2} = \frac{Q_1(s)}{C_1}

Plugging in parameters and solving for Q 1 ( s ) Q_1(s) :

Q 1 ( s ) = 20 ( s 2 + 10 s + 15 ) s ( s + 10 ) ( s 2 + 10 s + 20 ) Q_1(s) = \frac{20\,\left(s^2+10\,s+15\right)}{s\,\left(s+10\right)\,\left(s^2+10\,s+20\right)}

Therefore voltage across capacitor C 1 C_1 :

V C 1 ( s ) = Q 1 ( s ) C 1 = 200 ( s 2 + 10 s + 15 ) s ( s + 10 ) ( s 2 + 10 s + 20 ) V_{C_1}(s) = \frac{Q_1(s)}{C_1}= \frac{200\,\left(s^2+10\,s+15\right)}{s\,\left(s+10\right)\,\left(s^2+10\,s+20\right)}

Using an online inverse Laplace transform calculator and re-arranging the result a little, gives:

V C 1 ( t ) = 10 5 e 5 t s i n h ( 5 t ) 15 e 10 t + 15 \boxed{V_{C_1}(t) = 10\,\sqrt{5}\,{\mathrm{e}}^{-5\,t}\,\mathrm{sinh}\left(\sqrt{5}\,t\right)-15\,{\mathrm{e}}^{-10\,t}+15}

Variation of V C 1 V_{C_1} with time:

I have solved the problem by just writing expression and solving differential equation , after this using graph.
But I am trying something new, I will post my solution using python code.

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