For some positive real number the three complex roots of the equation form a triangle of area If can be expressed as for coprime positive integers and what is
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For every positive c the function f ( x ) = x 3 + c x + 1 is increasing, so it has exactly one real zero. Because f ( 0 ) = 1 > 0 , it is negative, let's call it − u , for some positive real u . Then the other two zeroes of f ( x ) are complex conjugates of each other: v + w i and v − w i , where v and w are real numbers, w > 0 .
By the Vieta's formula, the product of these three roots is − 1 , therefore ( v + w i ) ⋅ ( v − w i ) ⋅ ( − u ) = − 1 , thus v 2 + w 2 = u 1 . By the Vieta's formula, the sum of the roots is zero, so − u + 2 v = 0 , thus v = 2 1 u . Therefore, w = u 1 − 4 u 2 = 2 u 4 u − u 4
Note that since c > 0 , f ( − 1 ) = − c < 0 , so 0 < u < 1 .
The area of the triangle formed by the roots equals ( u + v ) ⋅ w . This simplifies to 4 3 4 u − u 4 . So, 4 3 4 u − u 4 = 2 5 3 1 0 9 , therefore 4 u − u 4 = 5 4 1 6 ⋅ 1 0 9 . Using the Rational Root theorem, we can guess u = 5 4 . This is the only solution for 0 < u < 1 , because 4 u − u 4 is increasing on this interval (this is easy to check by its derivative).
Finally, by the Vieta's formula c = ( − u ) ⋅ 2 v + ( v 2 + w 2 ) = − u 2 + u 1 = − 2 5 1 6 + 4 5 = 1 0 0 6 1 Therefore, a + b = 6 1 + 1 0 0 = 1 6 1 .