Roots of Cubic

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If 1 + 2 i 1 + 2i is a root of the cubic equation x 3 + A x 2 + B x 10 = 0 , x^3+Ax^2+Bx-10=0, and A A and B B are both real numbers, what is B A B-A ?

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1 solution

Complex roots occur in conjugate pairs,so if 1 + 2 i \color{#20A900}{1+2i} is a root then 1 2 i \color{#20A900}{1-2i} is also a root.Let a , b , c a,b,c be the roots of the equation.By Vieta,s formulas we a + b + c = A , a b + a c + b c = B , a b c = 10 \color{#D61F06}{a+b+c=-A,ab+ac+bc=B,abc=10} .So ( 1 + 2 i ) ( 1 2 i ) c = 5 c = 10 c = 10 5 = 2 \color{#624F41}{(1+2i)(1-2i)c=5c=10\rightarrow c=\frac{10}{5}=2} .So 3rd root is 2.So A = a + b + c = ( 1 + 2 i ) + ( 1 2 i ) + 2 = 1 + 1 + 2 = 4 A = 4 , B = a b + a c + b c = ( 1 + 2 i ) ( 1 2 i ) + ( 1 2 i ) 2 + ( 1 + 2 i ) 2 = 5 + 2 + 2 4 i + 4 i = 9 \color{#3D99F6}{A=a+b+c=(1+2i)+(1-2i)+2=1+1+2=4\rightarrow -A=-4,B=ab+ac+bc=(1+2i)(1-2i)+(1-2i)2+(1+2i)2=5+2+2-4i+4i=9} .So the equation is x 3 4 x 2 + 9 x 10 B A = 9 ( 4 ) = 9 + 4 = 13 \color{#D61F06}{x^3-4x^2+9x-10\rightarrow B-A=9-(-4)=9+4=\boxed{13}}

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