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Algebra Level 3

Calculate ( 1 + 5 2 ) 16 + ( 1 5 2 ) 16 (\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2})^{16}+( \frac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2})^{16}


The answer is 2207.

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2 solutions

Caleb Townsend
Feb 20, 2015

By Binet's formula for Lucas numbers, ϕ n + ( 1 ϕ ) n = L n \phi^{n} + (1 - \phi)^n = L_n where L n L_n is the n th n\text{th} Lucas number. Therefore we are looking for L 16 . L_{16}. L 16 = 2207 L_{16} = \boxed{2207} If you are unfamiliar with the Lucas numbers, here is the basic definition: L 1 = 1 , L 2 = 3 , L n = L n 1 + L n 2 L_1 = 1,\ L_2 = 3,\ L_n = L_{n-1} + L_{n-2} In other words, the first two numbers are 1 1 and 3 , 3, and every number after that is the sum of the previous two numbers. They are very closely related to the much more popular Fibonacci sequence, and you can even calculate L n L_n by adding F n 1 + F n + 1 . F_{n-1} + F_{n+1}.

Let a = ( 1 + 5 2 ) , b = ( 1 5 2 ) a=(\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}), b=(\frac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}) then a + b = 1 a+b=1 and a b = 1 ab=-1 next a 2 + 2 a b + b 2 = 1 a^2+2ab+b^2=1 therefore a 2 + b 2 = 1 a^2+b^2=-1 doing this step many times we'll get the answer a 16 + b 16 = 2207 a^{16}+b^{16}=2207

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