Rotating Half-Parabola

A piece of wire has the following shape:

y = x 2 0 x 1 y = x^2 \\ 0 \leq x \leq 1

The wire has σ \sigma units of mass per unit length. There is a point particle of mass M M at position ( x M , y M ) = ( 1 , 0 ) (x_M, y_M) = (1,0) . The wire is hinged at the origin, and it can rotate about the hinge. There is no gravity acting on the wire except for the gravity from the point mass.

What is the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the wire about the origin?

Details and Assumptions:
1) M = 1 M = 1
2) σ = 1 \sigma = 1
3) G = 1 G = 1 (universal gravitational constant)
4) The rotation axis passes through the origin, and is perpendicular to the x y xy plane
5) The calculation is to be performed at the start, before the wire has changed angular position


The answer is 1.965.

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1 solution

Karan Chatrath
Oct 29, 2019

Assuming that the wire rotates about the Z-axis, the moment of inertia of the wire can be calculated as such:

d I z = σ ( d s ) ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 dI_z = \sigma (ds)\left(\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}\right)^2

Where d s ds is the arc length element.

d s = 1 + ( d y d x ) 2 d x = 1 + 4 x 2 d x ds = \sqrt{1 + \left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^2}dx = \sqrt{1+4x^2}dx

This gives:

d I z = ( x 2 + x 4 ) 1 + 4 x 2 d x dI_z = (x^2 + x^4)\sqrt{1+4x^2}dx

Therefore:

I z = 0 1 ( x 2 + x 4 ) 1 + 4 x 2 d x I_z = \int_{0}^{1} (x^2 + x^4)\sqrt{1+4x^2}dx

The location of the point mass M M is:

r 1 = i ^ + 0 j ^ + 0 k ^ \vec{r}_1 = \hat{i} + 0 \hat{j} + 0 \hat{k}

The location of an element arc length of mass σ ( d s ) \sigma (ds) of the wire is:

r w = x i ^ + x 2 j ^ + 0 k ^ \vec{r}_w = x\hat{i} + x^2\hat{j} + 0 \hat{k}

r = r 1 r w \vec{r} = \vec{r}_1 -\vec{r}_w

Applying the law of gravitation gives:

d F = ( G M σ ( d s ) r 3 ) r d\vec{F} = \left(\frac{GM\sigma(ds)}{\mid \vec{r} \mid ^3}\right)\vec{r}

The torque due to this force about the Z - axis is:

d T = r w × d F d\vec{T} = \vec{r}_w \times d\vec{F}

Substituting all expressions results in the following:

d T = ( x 2 4 x 2 + 1 ( ( x 1 ) 2 + x 4 ) 3 / 2 ) d x k ^ d\vec{T} = -\left(\frac{x^2\,\sqrt{4\,x^2+1}}{{\left({\left(x-1\right)}^2+x^4\right)}^{3/2}}\right) dx\hat{k}

The magnitude of the net torque about the Z axis is then:

T z = 0 1 ( x 2 4 x 2 + 1 ( ( x 1 ) 2 + x 4 ) 3 / 2 ) d x T_z = \int_{0}^{1} \left(\frac{x^2\,\sqrt{4\,x^2+1}}{{\left({\left(x-1\right)}^2+x^4\right)}^{3/2}}\right)dx

The angular acceleration at this instant is, therefore:

α z = T z I z 1.9651 \boxed{\alpha_z = \frac{T_z}{I_z} \approx 1.9651}

As always, very nice problem! The axis of rotation is not specified so I assumed it to be the Z-axis. Also, the instant at which angular acceleration is computed is at that when the wire has not rotated by any angle assuming that y = x 2 y = x^2 is the initial orientation. I have not computed any further, but I speculate that the angular acceleration varies as the wire rotates about the Z-axis. I suggest the inclusion of the axis of rotation and the instant of computation in the problem statement.

Karan Chatrath - 1 year, 7 months ago

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Thanks for the solution. I have added some notes to "details and assumptions"

Steven Chase - 1 year, 7 months ago

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