A piece of wire has the following shape:
The wire has units of mass per unit length. There is a point particle of mass at position . The wire is hinged at the origin, and it can rotate about the hinge. There is no gravity acting on the wire except for the gravity from the point mass.
What is the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the wire about the origin?
Details and Assumptions:
1)
2)
3)
(universal gravitational constant)
4)
The rotation axis passes through the origin, and is perpendicular to the
plane
5)
The calculation is to be performed at the start, before the wire has changed angular position
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Assuming that the wire rotates about the Z-axis, the moment of inertia of the wire can be calculated as such:
d I z = σ ( d s ) ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2
Where d s is the arc length element.
d s = 1 + ( d x d y ) 2 d x = 1 + 4 x 2 d x
This gives:
d I z = ( x 2 + x 4 ) 1 + 4 x 2 d x
Therefore:
I z = ∫ 0 1 ( x 2 + x 4 ) 1 + 4 x 2 d x
The location of the point mass M is:
r 1 = i ^ + 0 j ^ + 0 k ^
The location of an element arc length of mass σ ( d s ) of the wire is:
r w = x i ^ + x 2 j ^ + 0 k ^
r = r 1 − r w
Applying the law of gravitation gives:
d F = ( ∣ r ∣ 3 G M σ ( d s ) ) r
The torque due to this force about the Z - axis is:
d T = r w × d F
Substituting all expressions results in the following:
d T = − ⎝ ⎜ ⎛ ( ( x − 1 ) 2 + x 4 ) 3 / 2 x 2 4 x 2 + 1 ⎠ ⎟ ⎞ d x k ^
The magnitude of the net torque about the Z axis is then:
T z = ∫ 0 1 ⎝ ⎜ ⎛ ( ( x − 1 ) 2 + x 4 ) 3 / 2 x 2 4 x 2 + 1 ⎠ ⎟ ⎞ d x
The angular acceleration at this instant is, therefore:
α z = I z T z ≈ 1 . 9 6 5 1