Round Rhombus

Geometry Level 5

Rhombus A B C D ABCD has side length 1 1 with A = C = 6 0 \angle A = \angle C = 60^{\circ} . Two dashed circles are inscribed in it, and two green circles and one yellow circle in turn are inscribed in the dashed circles, as shown. The rest of the four orange circles are tangent to both the rhombus and dashed circles.

If the radius of the dashed circles can be expressed as a b c \frac{a\sqrt{b}}{c} , where

  • a , b , c a,b,c are positive integers
  • gcd ( a , c ) = 1 \gcd (a,c) = 1
  • b b is square-free,

input a b c abc as your answer.

Note: The circles with common colors have the same radii.


The answer is 144.

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1 solution

Michael Huang
Sep 2, 2017

Let r o r_o denote the radius of the orange circle and r g = k r o r_g = kr_o the radius of the green circle, where k > 0 k > 0 .


Relation Between Orange and Green Circles


The radius of the green circle is twice the radius of the orange circle. That is, r g = 2 r o r_g = 2r_o

To prove that k = 2 k = 2 , consider two circles at the corners of the rhombus:

Since both orange circles have the same radii, then the rectangles and the larger triangles (shared by the center of the large circles) are symmetric. By Pitot's Theorem , the indicated angles are both congruent. Noting that these 30 30 - 60 60 - 90 90 triangles are similar, we can determine the value of k k by the following equation r g + r o r o csc ( 3 0 + r g + r o ) = ( r g + r o ) r o r g + 2 r o \dfrac{r_g + r_o}{r_o \cdot \csc\left(30^{\circ} + r_g + r_o\right)} = \dfrac{\left(r_g + r_o\right) - r_o}{r_g + 2 \cdot r_o} which is k + 1 k + 4 = k k + 2 \dfrac{k + 1}{k + 4} = \dfrac{k}{k + 2} So we have r g = 2 r o r_g = 2r_o .


Final Step


The final step is to compute the radius of the two dashed circles, which is easy to determine. In terms of r r 's, the side length of the rhombus is r o cot ( 3 0 ) + r o tan ( 3 0 ) + 2 r o ( r o + r g ) 2 r_o \cot\left(30^{\circ}\right) + r_o \tan\left(30^{\circ}\right) + 2\sqrt{r_o \left(r_o + r_g\right)} \cdot 2 where r o = 3 16 r_o = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{16} and r g = 3 8 r_g = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{8} . Since the radius of the dashed circle is r g + r o r_g + r_o , its value is 3 3 16 \dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{16} , where a = 3 a = 3 , b = 3 b = 3 and c = 16 c = 16 .

So a b c = 144 abc = \boxed{144}

Are the four orange circles supposed to be congruent?

Fun Mathis - 3 years, 9 months ago

Niranjan Khanderia - 3 years, 8 months ago

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