Rounded percentages

Inspired by Jeremy Galvagni and this problem


Every integer percentage 0 % p 100 % 0\% \leq p \leq 100\% can be written as a 100 , a = p \frac a {100}, a=p , but of course for many of them there is a value b < 100 b < 100 that also makes a b = p \frac a b = p true, because many fractions can be reduced.

If we now allow rounding to the nearest whole percent, this again gives more possibilities and therefore smaller denominators.

Let q ( p ) q(p) be the smallest possible value of b b such that there exists some integer a a with a b = a q ( p ) p \frac a b = \frac a {q(p)} \approx p when rounded to the nearest whole percent.

If we sort all values of q ( p ) q(p) by size, what is the sum of the values of p p that give the 10 largest q ( p ) q(p) ?

Submit your answer just without the %. So, if you get 100%, give 100 as the answer.

Details and assumptions

  • If the fractional part of a b \frac a b is exactly 0.5 we will round towards 50%, so 12.5 % 13 % 12.5\% \approx 13\% , but 87.5 % 87 % 87.5\% \approx 87\% . This preserves the symmetry 1 = a b + 1 a b 1 = \frac a b + \frac {1-a} b .
  • As an example, q ( 62 % ) = 8 q(62\%)=8 because 5 8 = 0.625 0.62 \frac 58 = 0.625 \approx 0.62 is the fraction with the smallest denominator (8) that, when rounded with the specified rules, gives 62 % 62\% .


The answer is 500.

This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and, finally, (c) loading the non-javascript version of this page . We're sorry about the hassle.

3 solutions

Henry U
Oct 19, 2018

Because of the special rule for rounding that preserves symmetry, q ( p ) q(p) and q ( 100 % p ) q(100\% - p) will alway be equal.

Proof: If one of them was smaller, say q ( p ) = q ( 100 % p ) x q(p) = q(100\% - p) - x , so a q ( 100 % p ) x p \frac a {q(100\% - p)-x} \approx p , then 100 % p 100\% - p could also be written as 100 % p 100 % a q ( 100 % p ) x = q ( 100 % p ) x q ( 100 % p ) x a q ( 100 % p ) x = q ( 100 % p ) x a q ( 100 % p ) x 100\% - p \approx 100\% - \frac a {q(100\% - p) - x} = \frac {q(100\% - p) - x} {q(100\% - p) - x} - \frac a {q(100\% - p) - x} = \frac {q(100\% - p) - x - a} {q(100\% - p) - x} . But both q ( 100 % p ) x a q(100\% - p) - x - a and q ( 100 % p ) x q(100\% - p) - x are integers, so this would be a better way to write 100 % p 100\% - p as a rounded fraction and would imply q ( 100 % p ) = q ( 100 % p ) x = q ( p ) q(100\% - p) = q(100\% - p) - x = q(p) . This now leads to a contradiction because we assumed q ( p ) < q ( 100 % p ) q(p) < q(100\% - p) and got q ( p ) = q ( 100 % p ) q(p) = q(100\% - p) , and therefore q ( p ) = q ( 100 % p ) q(p) = q(100\% - p) .

Since two values of q q are always equal, the 10 largest values we are searching are made up of 5 pairs ( p , 100 % p ) (p, 100\% - p) . But the sum in each of these pairs is simply 100 % 100\% and so the sum of 5 pairs is 5 100 % = 500 % 5 * 100\% = \boxed{500\%} .

Alex Burgess
Mar 6, 2019

By the special round rule, if q ( x % ) = b q(x\%) = b because a b x % , 1 a b ( 100 x ) % , \frac{a}{b} \approx x\%, \frac{1-a}{b}\approx (100-x)\%, so q ( ( 100 x ) % ) q ( x % ) q((100-x)\%) \leq q(x\%) . By symmetry we get equality.

By assuming uniqueness of an answer (assuming that the 10th largest q ( p ) q(p) is greater than the 11th). We pair up the top 10 to form 5 pairs adding to 100%. Hence 500%.

Brute force. The solution set is: {{3,1,29},{34,10,29},{66,19,29},{97,28,29},{49,17,35},{51,18,35},{2,1,41},{98,40,41},{1,1,67},{99,66,67}}, where the first element of a triple is the percentage, the second is the numerator and the third is the denominator. As Henry U stated, they match up in pairs.

0 pending reports

×

Problem Loading...

Note Loading...

Set Loading...