Given that S n = k = 1 ∑ n sin 7 k π , where n is a positive integer, how many positive numbers are there for S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , ⋯ , S 1 0 0 ?
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We note that a n = sin 7 n π is periodic with a period of 1 4 ; a n + 7 = − a n and a 7 n = 0 , where n is a positive integer. Therefore S n = ∑ k = 1 n a k is also periodic with a period of 1 4 , S n = S 1 3 − n and S 1 4 n = 0 . Let S 0 = sin 0 = 0 , which does not affect S n for n > 0 . Then S 1 3 = S 1 3 − 1 3 = S 0 = 0 . There are S 1 3 = S 1 4 = 0 within a period and the rest of S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , ⋯ S 1 2 > 0 . Therefore there are 1 0 0 − 2 × ⌊ 1 4 1 0 0 ⌋ = 8 6 positive numbers fpr S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , ⋯ S 1 0 0 .
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All the S i ′ s will be positive except for i = 1 3 , 1 4 , 2 7 , 2 8 , 4 1 , 4 2 , 5 5 , 5 6 , 6 9 , 7 0 , 8 3 , 8 4 , 9 7 , 9 8 where the values go zero. Hence the required answer is 1 0 0 − 1 4 = 8 6 .