SAT1000 - P929

Geometry Level 3

Given that S n = k = 1 n sin k π 7 S_n=\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^{n} \sin \dfrac{k \pi}{7} , where n n is a positive integer, how many positive numbers are there for S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , , S 100 S_1,S_2, S_3, \cdots, S_{100} ?


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The answer is 86.

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2 solutions

All the S i s S_i^{'s} will be positive except for i = 13 , 14 , 27 , 28 , 41 , 42 , 55 , 56 , 69 , 70 , 83 , 84 , 97 , 98 i=13,14,27,28,41,42,55,56,69,70,83,84,97,98 where the values go zero. Hence the required answer is 100 14 = 86 100-14=\boxed {86} .

Chew-Seong Cheong
Jul 11, 2020

We note that a n = sin n π 7 a_n = \sin \frac {n\pi}7 is periodic with a period of 14 14 ; a n + 7 = a n a_{n+7} = - a_n and a 7 n = 0 a_{7n} = 0 , where n n is a positive integer. Therefore S n = k = 1 n a k S_n = \sum_{k=1}^n a_k is also periodic with a period of 14 14 , S n = S 13 n S_n = S_{13-n} and S 14 n = 0 S_{14n}=0 . Let S 0 = sin 0 = 0 S_0 = \sin 0 = 0 , which does not affect S n S_n for n > 0 n > 0 . Then S 13 = S 13 13 = S 0 = 0 S_{13} = S_{13-13} = S_0 = 0 . There are S 13 = S 14 = 0 S_{13} = S_{14} = 0 within a period and the rest of S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 12 > 0 S_1, S_2, S_3, \cdots S_{12} > 0 . Therefore there are 100 2 × 100 14 = 86 100 - 2 \times \left \lfloor \frac {100}{14} \right \rfloor = \boxed{86} positive numbers fpr S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 100 S_1, S_2, S_3, \cdots S_{100} .

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