Seems Complex

Calculus Level 5

cos ( 3 x ) ( x 2 + 25 ) 2 d x \large \int_ {-\infty}^{\infty}{\frac{\cos{(3x)}}{ {({x}^{2}+25)}^{2} }} \, dx

If the value of the above integral is equals to a π b e c \large \frac{a\pi}{b {e}^{c}} where e e is Euler's number and a , b a,b are coprime positive integers, what is the value of a + b + c a+b+c ?


The answer is 148.

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1 solution

Niven Achenjang
Jun 6, 2015

You can solve a more general form of this problem and then apply it to solve this integral. Consider the following integral cos n x ( x 2 + m 2 ) 2 d x \int_ {-\infty}^{\infty}{\frac{\cos{nx}}{ {({x}^{2}+{m}^{2})}^{2} }}dx Attempting to evaluate this directly would prove difficult. An appropriate setting for this integral is the complex plane. Let f ( z ) = e i n z ( z 2 + m 2 ) 2 f(z)=\frac{e^{inz}}{(z^2+m^2)^2} where i i is the imaginary unit and note that the real part of f(z) is the integrand we are interested in (this will be important later). Now, consider the contour C which is the semicircle of radius R > b R>b centered at the origin!

Let C R C_R denote the part of C strictly above the real axis. Then C f ( z ) d z = C R f ( z ) d z + R R f ( x ) d x \int_C{f(z)}dz = \int_{C_R}{f(z)}dz + \int_{-R}^R{f(x)}dx

Of these integrals, we are most interested in the rightmost one. To get its value, we will evaluate the other two and then solve for it. We will begin with the leftmost integral. In the interior of C, f(z) has one isolated singularity: namely, z = m i z=mi . From the residue theorem this means that C f ( z ) d z = 2 π i R e s z = m i f ( z ) \int_C{f(z)}dz = 2\pi i \underset{z=mi}{Res}f(z)

To stop this solution from getting too long, I'm just going to ask that you trust that this works out to be (independent of the value of R) C f ( z ) d z = π ( n m + 1 ) 2 m 3 e n m \int_C{f(z)}dz = \frac{\pi(nm+1)}{2m^3e^{nm}}

So one integral down, one to go. For the next integral, we will appeal to the Estimation Lemma. Because f ( z ) 1 ( R 2 n 2 ) 2 \left|f(z)\right| \le \frac{1}{(R^2-n^2)^2} for all z in C R C_R and the arclength of C R C_R is π R \pi R , we have that C R f ( z ) d z π R ( R 2 n 2 ) 2 \left|\int_{C_R}{f(z)}dz\right| \le \frac{\pi R}{(R^2-n^2)^2}

If we take the limit as R approaches \infty then the above integral goes towards 0. So, using the values of those two integrals we have π ( n m + 1 ) 2 m 3 e n m = 0 + f ( x ) d x \frac{\pi(nm+1)}{2m^3e^{nm}} = 0 + \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}{f(x)}dx

Earlier I made the note that the original integrand was the real part of f. This means that cos n x ( x 2 + m 2 ) 2 d x = f ( x ) d x = π ( n m + 1 ) 2 m 3 e n m \int_ {-\infty}^{\infty}{\frac{\cos{nx}}{ {({x}^{2}+{m}^{2})}^{2} }}dx = \Re \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}{f(x)}dx= \frac{\pi(nm+1)}{2m^3e^{nm}}

In order to finally get our answer we substitute n=3 and m=5 into that equation and get cos 3 x ( x 2 + 5 2 ) 2 d x = 8 π 125 e 15 \int_ {-\infty}^{\infty}{\frac{\cos{3x}}{ {({x}^{2}+{5}^{2})}^{2} }}dx = \frac{8\pi}{125e^{15}}

This means a=8, b=125, c=15 and a+b+c=148

@Niven Achenjang Isn't there an approach , without complex integration methods??, like Feynmann's??

Kunal Gupta - 6 years ago

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I had not hear about Feynman's method before so I look it up to see what I could find. After that I tried a few different ways on introducing an extra parameter to simplify the integral, but had no luck. The problem I was having was I could not think of a way to make things cancel out such that I was left with something more manageable. It still may be possible to integrate this that way, but it would take some cleverness.

Niven Achenjang - 6 years ago

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Feynman's method in simple words is just "Differentiation under integral rule" and I think you might have heard this name. He made this technique very popular and hence the name.

Kartik Sharma - 5 years, 12 months ago

I am not familiar with complex integration.. So I solved it using elementary techniques ... But it is lengthy relative to the complex approach.

Hasan Kassim - 5 years, 11 months ago

same here ;) !!!!!!

Aman Rajput - 6 years ago

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