If the set of positive integers is partitioned into subsets S 1 = { 1 } , S 2 = { 2 , 3 } , S 3 = { 4 , 5 , 6 } , … , then what is the sum of the members in S 5 0 ?
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Sum of n terms of an A.P is:
S n = 2 n ( a + l )
where, a is the first term and l is the last term.
So
S 5 0 = 2 5 0 ( 1 2 2 6 + 1 2 7 5 ) = 2 5 ∗ ( 2 5 0 1 ) = 6 2 5 2 5
I actually first found out the first term of S50 and then added them using AP but there the common difference was +1
Let the members of S n = { a n , 1 , a n , 2 , a n , 3 , . . . , a n , n } . We note that the i t h member of S n is given by:
a n , i = k = 1 ∑ n − 1 k + i = 2 ( n − 1 ) n + i
Therefore, the sum of the members of S 5 0 is:
k = 1 ∑ 5 0 a 5 0 , k = 2 5 0 ( a 5 0 , 1 + a 5 0 , 5 0 ) = 2 5 ( 2 × 2 4 9 × 5 0 + 1 + 5 0 ) = 2 5 ( 4 9 × 5 0 + 5 1 ) = 6 2 5 2 5
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We see that the last term of S n is the n t h triangular number = 2 n ( n + 1 )
So , last term of S 5 0 = 2 5 0 ( 5 0 + 1 ) = 2 5 × 5 1 = 1 2 7 5
Since , the last term is 1 2 7 5 and there are 5 0 terms in the set , the first term is 1 2 2 6 .
We see that the numbers of S n form an Arithmetic progression and thus their sum = 2 n [ 2 a + ( n − 1 ) d ]
Sum of members of S 5 0 = 2 5 0 [ 2 ( 1 2 2 6 ) + ( 5 0 − 1 ) 1 ] = 6 1 3 0 0 + 1 2 2 5 = 6 2 5 2 5