Side Length of Triangle

Geometry Level 3

Let D D be a point on side B C BC of triangle A B C ABC such that A B = 7 , B D = 6 , A D = 5 , C D = 3. \overline{AB}=7, \overline{BD}=6, \overline{AD}=5, \overline{CD}=3. Then what is the square of the length of side A C ? AC?

38 40 41 39

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3 solutions

Use Stewart's theorem, that simplifies the problem.

I did the same

Ashutosh Kumar - 6 years, 4 months ago
Prasun Biswas
Jan 12, 2015

In this diagram, we draw Δ A B C \Delta ABC with the given data and we also draw a normal A N B C AN\perp BC . Next, we use Pythagoras Theorem for Δ A N B \Delta ANB and Δ A N D \Delta AND to get the following equations:

A N 2 + B N 2 = A B 2 , A N 2 + N D 2 = A D 2 A N 2 = A B 2 B N 2 = A D 2 N D 2 49 B N 2 = 25 N D 2 B N 2 N D 2 = 24 ( B N N D ) ( B N + N D ) = 24 B D ( B N N D ) = 24 B N N D = 24 B D = 24 6 B N N D = 4 ( i ) AN^2+BN^2=AB^2\quad,\quad AN^2+ND^2=AD^2 \\ \implies AN^2=AB^2-BN^2=AD^2-ND^2 \\ \implies 49-BN^2=25-ND^2 \\ \implies BN^2-ND^2=24\\ \implies (BN-ND)(BN+ND)=24\\ \implies BD(BN-ND)=24\\ \implies BN-ND=\dfrac{24}{BD}=\dfrac{24}{6} \implies BN-ND=4 \ldots (i)

Also, we have,

B C = B N + N D = B D + D C = 6 + 3 B N + N D = 9 ( i i ) BC=BN+ND=BD+DC=6+3 \implies BN+ND=9 \ldots (ii)

Solving ( i ) (i) and ( i i ) (ii) , we get B N = 5 , N D = 1 BN=5~,~ND=1 .

Now, using Pythagoras Theorem for Δ A N C \Delta ANC , we have,

A N 2 + N C 2 = A C 2 ( A D 2 N D 2 ) + ( N D + D C ) 2 = A C 2 A C 2 = ( 25 1 ) + ( 1 + 3 ) 2 = 24 + 16 A C 2 = 40 AN^2+NC^2=AC^2\\ \implies (AD^2-ND^2)+(ND+DC)^2=AC^2\\ \implies AC^2=(25-1)+(1+3)^2=24+16 \implies \boxed{AC^2=40}

Let A B C = θ \angle ABC = \theta . Using Cosine Rule, we have:

A D 2 = A B 2 + B D 2 2 ( A B ) ( B D ) cos θ \quad AD^2=AB^2+BD^2-2(AB)(BD)\cos{\theta}

5 2 = 7 2 + 6 2 2 ( 7 ) ( 6 ) cos θ 84 cos θ = 60 cos θ = 5 7 \quad\Rightarrow 5^2 = 7^2 + 6^2 -2(7)(6)\cos{\theta}\quad \Rightarrow 84\cos{\theta} = 60\quad \Rightarrow \cos{\theta} = \frac {5}{7}

Also,

A C 2 = A B 2 + B C 2 2 ( A B ) ( B C ) cos θ \quad AC^2=AB^2+BC^2-2(AB)(BC)\cos{\theta}

A C 2 = 7 2 + 9 2 2 × 7 × 9 × 5 7 = 130 90 = 40 \quad\Rightarrow AC^2 = 7^2 + 9^2 -2\times 7\times 9\times \dfrac {5}{7} = 130 - 90 = \boxed{40}

It can be solved by appollonius theorem??? I did by that...

sarvesh dubey - 6 years, 5 months ago

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No because it has not been given that AD is a median. So apollonius theorem can't be applied

Ashutosh Kumar - 6 years, 4 months ago

Simplest solution yet. I did it using Stewart's Theorem, but wasn't sure how to use Law of Cosines here.

Sudeshna Pontula - 6 years, 4 months ago

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