Substitution! (8)

Calculus Level 3

0 1 / 2 x 2 ( 1 x 2 ) 3 / 2 d x \large \displaystyle \int_0^{1/2} \frac{x^2}{(1-x^2)^{{3} / {2}}} \, dx

If the value of the integral above can be expressed as a b π c \dfrac{a \sqrt{b} - \pi}{c} , where a , b a,b and c c are integers with b b square-free, find a × b × c a\times b\times c .


The answer is 36.

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2 solutions

Rishabh Jain
May 1, 2016

Put x = sin θ x=\sin \theta such that d x = cos θ d θ \mathrm{d}x=\cos \theta\mathrm{d}\theta and use 1 sin 2 θ = cos 2 θ 1-\sin^2\theta=\cos^2 \theta such that integration is:-

0 π / 6 sin 2 θ cos θ d θ cos 3 θ \displaystyle\int_0^{\pi/6}\dfrac{\sin^2 \theta\cos \theta~\mathrm{d}\theta}{\cos^3\theta} = 0 π / 6 tan 2 θ d θ = 0 π / 6 ( sec 2 θ 1 ) d θ =\displaystyle\int_0^{\pi/6}\tan^2 \theta\mathrm{d}\theta= \displaystyle\int_0^{\pi/6}(\sec^2\theta-1)\mathrm{d}\theta = tan θ θ 0 π / 6 \large =\left|\tan \theta -\theta\right|_0^{\pi/6} = 2 3 π 6 \large =\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}-\pi}{6}

2 × 3 × 6 = 36 \huge \therefore 2\times 3\times 6=\boxed{36}

Sabhrant Sachan
May 1, 2016

Put x = sin t d x = d t cos t 0 1 2 sin 2 t ( 1 sin 2 t ) 3 2 d x 0 1 2 sin 2 t ( c o s 2 t ) 3 2 d t cos t 0 π 6 sin 2 t c o s 2 t d t 0 π 6 tan 2 t d t Using the Result : tan 2 x d x = tan x x + c , We get tan π 6 π 6 0 + 0 1 3 π 6 = 2 3 π 6 a = 2 , b = 3 , c = 6 A n s 36 \text {Put } x=\sin{t} \\ \implies dx=dt\cos{t}\\ \implies \large\displaystyle\int_0^{\frac12}\frac{\sin^2t}{(1-\sin^2{t})^{\frac32}}dx \\ \implies\large\displaystyle\int_0^{\frac12}\frac{\sin^2t}{(cos^2t)^{\frac32}}dt\cos{t} \\ \implies\large\displaystyle\int_0^{\frac{\pi}6}\frac{\sin^2t}{cos^2t}dt \\\implies\large\displaystyle\int_0^{\frac{\pi}6}\tan^2tdt \\ \text{Using the Result :} \int\tan^2{x}dx = \tan{x}-x+c , \text {We get } \\ \implies \tan{\dfrac{\pi}6}-\dfrac{\pi}6-0+0 \\ \implies \dfrac{1}{\sqrt3}-\dfrac{\pi}6 = \dfrac{2\sqrt3-\pi}6\\ a=2 , b=3 ,c=6 \\ Ans \color{#3D99F6}{\implies\boxed{36}}

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