Notation :
denote the fractional part of .
denote the floor function.
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Function { x } is same on every interval ( n , n + 1 ) , where n is an integer, and function ⌊ x ⌋ is constant and equal to n on every interval ( n , n + 1 ) where n in an integer.It's easy to see that on interval ( 0 , 1 ) , x = { x } . Because of this we can write the integral as:
∫ 0 ∞ ( − { x } ) ⌊ x ⌋ = r = 0 ∑ ∞ ∫ 0 1 ( − x ) r d x
Now by evaluating this easy polynomial integral we get:
∫ 0 ∞ ( − { x } ) ⌊ x ⌋ = r = 0 ∑ ∞ r + 1 ( − 1 ) r
Now we evaluate the sum by writing it as:
r = 0 ∑ ∞ r + 1 ( − 1 ) r = n → ∞ lim ( k = 1 ∑ n ( 2 k − 1 1 − 2 k 1 ) ) = n → ∞ lim k = 1 ∑ n ( ( 2 k − 1 1 + 2 k 1 ) − 2 k = 1 ∑ n 2 k 1 ) =
= n → ∞ lim ( k = 1 ∑ 2 n k 1 − k = 1 ∑ n k 1 ) = n → ∞ lim k = n + 1 ∑ 2 n k 1
This sum can be covered to an integral:
n → ∞ lim k = n + 1 ∑ 2 n k 1 = n → ∞ lim k = 1 ∑ n n + k 1 = n → ∞ lim k = 1 ∑ n 1 + n k 1 n 1 = ∫ 0 1 x + 1 d x = ln 2
And finally we have:
∫ 0 ∞ ( − { x } ) ⌊ x ⌋ = ln 2