Simply Complex!

Algebra Level 5

Let z z be a complex number such that z = a + b i z=a+bi , a , b a,b \in \Re and i i the imaginary unit. Determine the modulus of z z , by knowing that: a 3 = 3 ( 1 + a b 2 ) a^{3}=3(1+ab^{2}) b 3 = 3 ( a 2 b 1 ) b^{3}=3(a^{2}b-1)


The answer is 1.619.

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5 solutions

Daniel Liu
Aug 6, 2014

Even easier solution:

Note that the two equations are equivalent to: a 3 3 a b 2 = 3 a^3-3ab^2=3 3 a 2 b b 3 = 3 3a^2b-b^3=3 Multiply the second equation by i i and add it to the first to get a 3 + 3 a 2 b i 3 a b 2 i b 3 = ( a + b i ) 3 = 3 + 3 i a^3+3a^2bi-3ab^2i-b^3=(a+bi)^3=3+3i

Thus, the modulus of a + b i a+bi is equal to 3 + 3 i 3 = 18 3 1.619 \sqrt[3]{|3+3i|}=\sqrt[3]{\sqrt{18}}\approx \boxed{1.619}

i i is missing in b 3 b^3

sujoy roy - 6 years, 10 months ago

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Yes, it should be there instead of the term before.

Peter Byers - 6 years, 10 months ago

That is a similar strategy used in this problem .

Alan Enrique Ontiveros Salazar - 6 years, 10 months ago

Good job! The solution I expected.

Dieuler Oliveira - 6 years, 10 months ago

{ a }^{ 3 }+3a^{ 2 }bi-3ab^{ 2 }-b^{ 3 }=(a+bi)^{ 3 } I think there's something wrong. Can you explain why ?

Cường Huy - 6 years, 10 months ago

There shouldn't be an i i at the 3 a b 2 -3ab^2 term...

Jackal Jim - 6 years, 10 months ago

The hard solution is:

Sum the two equations to obtain:

a 3 + b 3 = 3 a b ( a + b ) a^3+b^3=3ab(a+b)

Factor the LHS and simplify:

( a + b ) ( a 2 a b + b 2 ) = 3 a b ( a + b ) (a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)=3ab(a+b)

a 2 a b + b 2 = 3 a b a 2 + b 2 = 4 a b a^2-ab+b^2=3ab \Longrightarrow a^2+b^2=4ab

Now, let a = R cos θ a=R\cos \theta and b = R sin θ b=R\sin \theta :

( R cos θ ) 2 + ( R sin θ ) 2 = 4 ( R cos θ ) ( R sin θ ) (R\cos \theta)^2+(R\sin \theta)^2=4(R\cos \theta)(R \sin \theta)

Simplify and solve for θ \theta :

R 2 = 4 R 2 sin θ cos θ R^2=4R^2 \sin \theta \cos \theta

1 = 2 sin ( 2 θ ) 1=2 \sin (2\theta)

θ = 15 ° \theta=15°

Finally, find the modulus by substituting θ \theta in any of the two original equations. Let's choose the first one:

a 3 = 3 ( 1 + a b 2 ) a^3=3(1+ab^2)

( R cos 15 ° ) 3 = 3 ( 1 + ( R cos 15 ° ) ( R sin 15 ° ) 2 ) (R\cos 15°)^3=3(1+(R\cos 15°)(R\sin 15°)^2)

R 3 ( cos 3 15 ° 3 cos 15 ° sin 2 15 ° ) = 3 R^3(\cos^3 15°-3\cos 15° \sin^2 15°)=3

R 3 2 = 3 R 3 = 3 2 = 18 \dfrac{R^3}{\sqrt{2}}=3 \Longrightarrow R^3=3\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{18}

R = 18 6 1.619 R=\sqrt[6]{18} \approx \boxed{1.619}

The easier solution is:

Note that when I divided by ( a + b ) (a+b) , that implies that b = a b=-a , so replace that in the first equation:

a 3 = 3 ( 1 + a ( a ) 2 ) 2 a 3 = 3 a = 3 2 3 a^3=3(1+a(-a)^2) \Longrightarrow 2a^3=-3 \Longrightarrow a=-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{3}{2}}

Also, b = 3 2 3 b=\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{3}{2}}

So, the modulus of z z is: a 2 + b 2 = ( 3 2 3 ) 2 + ( 3 2 3 ) 2 = 2 ( 3 2 3 ) 2 \sqrt{a^2+b^2}=\sqrt{\left(-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{3}{2}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{3}{2}}\right)^2}=\sqrt{2\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{3}{2}}\right)^2}

a 2 + b 2 = 2 ( 9 4 3 ) = 18 6 \sqrt{a^2+b^2}=\sqrt{2\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}\right)}=\sqrt[6]{18}

Alan Enrique Ontiveros Salazar - 6 years, 10 months ago

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Actually this is not a simpler solution, but just the lacking part of your first solution. They are different numbers, but both have the property: z 3 = 3 + 3 i . z^{3}=3+3i.

Dieuler Oliveira - 6 years, 10 months ago

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Yes, in general, the three values of z z are:

z 1 = 18 6 c i s 15 ° z_{1}=\sqrt[6]{18} cis 15°

z 2 = 18 6 c i s 135 ° z_{2}=\sqrt[6]{18} cis 135°

z 3 = 18 6 c i s 255 ° z_{3}=\sqrt[6]{18} cis 255°

Alan Enrique Ontiveros Salazar - 6 years, 10 months ago

How does dividing by a + b a+b imply that b = a b = -a ? If that is true it means that you divided by 0 0 which is an error. If anything, shouldn't it mean that a is not equal to negative b b since you divided by it?

Ahmad Khamis - 4 years, 6 months ago

this ans is equal to ( base 2 power 1 by 6) (base3 power 1 by 3) na...???/ its my ans[(2)power1/6] [(3)power1/3]

Akhlaque Ahmad - 6 years, 10 months ago
William Chau
Aug 11, 2014

Let s = a+b and p = ab. Adding the given equations,

a^3+b^3 = 3ab^2+3(a^2)b,

(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2) = 3ab(a+b),

(a+b)(a^2-4ab+b^2) = 0,

s(s^2-6p) = 0,

s = 0 or s^2 = 6p.

Assume s = 0. So b = -a. The first given equation becomes

a^3 = 3(1+a^3),

2a^3 = -3,

a = -(3/2)^(1/3).

Therefore b = -a = (3/2)^(1/3); and so |z| = sqrt(a^2+b^2) ~ 1.6189.

Assume s^2 = 6p. Subtracting the given equations,

a^3-b^3 = 3ab^2-3(a^2)b+6,

(a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2) = 3ab(b-a)+6,

(a-b)(a^2+4ab+b^2) = 6,

(a-b)(s^2+2p) = 6,

(a-b)(8p) = 6,

(a-b)^2 * 16p^2 = 9,

16(s^2-4p)p^2 = 9,

32p^3 = 9,

p = (9/32)^(1/3).

Therefore |z| = sqrt(a^2+b^2) = sqrt(s^2-2p) = 2*sqrt(p) ~ 1.6189.

In either case |z| ~ 1.6189.

Hs N
Aug 13, 2014

The key to this solution is the fact that z 3 = z 3 |z^3|=|z|^3 . We know that z 3 = a 3 + 3 a 2 b i 3 a b 2 b 3 i z^3=a^3+3a^2bi-3ab^2-b^3i and by substituting the given equations, we find that z 3 = 3 + 3 i z^3=3+3i .

Combining these two statements, we find that z = z 3 3 = 3 2 + 3 2 6 |z|=\sqrt[3]{|z^3|}=\sqrt[6]{3^2+3^2} .

Matei Mat
Aug 9, 2014

i hate complicated answers !!!! i am never confident when i obtain such a result. first i add up the two equations, ending up in a^2+b^2=4ab, then i use this when substracting the two equations,ending up knowing ab,therefor knowing the modulus...also there are two possible answers since -1.61887 works just as fine.

Modulus is always positive.

Dieuler Oliveira - 6 years, 10 months ago

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