sin (z) = 2

Geometry Level 3

The sine of what number will be equal to 2 - there are only complex solutions to this.

Notes

  • These values are to be measured in radians, not degrees
  • the term 'i' is equal to the square root of negative one
  • Try your best not to just search up the sine of each of these numbers and see which is the right one, just don't.
48.23542909893525-68.534636356i 1.5707963267949-1.3169578969248i 1.64564589846847209-1.43498656897i 8.2358203459820-2.52464537364i 2.43490056340965+5.342423423423i

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Nov 27, 2019

Solving sin z = 2 \sin z = 2 we obtain e i z e i z = 4 i e 2 i z 4 i e i z 1 = 0 ( e i z 2 i ) 2 = 3 e i z = ( 2 ± 3 ) i \begin{aligned} e^{iz} - e^{-iz} & = \; 4i \\ e^{2iz} - 4ie^{iz} - 1 & = \; 0 \\ (e^{iz} - 2i)^2 & = \; -3 \\ e^{iz} & = \; (2 \pm \sqrt{3})i \end{aligned} Since log z = ln z + i a r g ( z ) \log z = \ln|z| + i\mathrm{arg}(z) , remembering that the argument of a complex number is only defined modulo 2 π 2\pi , we deduce that i z = ln ( 2 ± 3 ) + ( 2 n + 1 2 ) π i z = ( 2 n + 1 2 ) π ± i ln ( 2 + 3 ) \begin{aligned} iz & = \; \ln(2 \pm \sqrt{3}) + (2n+\tfrac12)\pi i \\ z & = \; (2n + \tfrac12)\pi \pm i\ln(2 + \sqrt{3}) \end{aligned} for any integer n n . One particular value is 1 2 π i ln ( 2 + 3 ) = 1.570796... 1.316957... i \boxed{\tfrac12\pi - i\ln(2 + \sqrt{3})} = 1.570796... - 1.316957...i .

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