Singularity II

Algebra Level 2

How many real values of x x satisfy the equation below?

x x 2 x + 1 x 1 = x 1 x 2 x x 1 \dfrac {x} {x-2} - \dfrac {x+1} {x-1} = \dfrac {x-1} {x-2} - \dfrac {x} {x-1}

> 2 >2 1 1 2 2 0 0

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1 solution

Ethan Mandelez
Jun 5, 2021

When coming up with this problem, I used several approaches.

1. Same denominators

x x 2 x + 1 x 1 = x 1 x 2 x x 1 \dfrac {x} {x-2} - \dfrac {x+1} {x-1} = \dfrac {x-1} {x-2} - \dfrac {x} {x-1}

We move fractions with the same denominators to each side respectively:

x x 2 x 1 x 2 = x + 1 x 1 x x 1 \dfrac {x} {x-2} - \dfrac {x-1} {x-2} = \dfrac {x+1} {x-1} - \dfrac {x} {x-1}

1 x 2 = 1 x 1 \dfrac {1} {x-2} = \dfrac {1} {x-1}

Cross multiplying gives:

x 2 = x 1 x - 2 = x - 1

which is not true for any values of x x .

2. Combining denominators

x x 2 x + 1 x 1 = x 1 x 2 x x 1 \dfrac {x} {x-2} - \dfrac {x+1} {x-1} = \dfrac {x-1} {x-2} - \dfrac {x} {x-1}

x ( x 1 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 1 ) = ( x 1 ) 2 x ( x 2 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 1 ) \dfrac { x(x-1) - (x+1)(x-2) } { (x-2)(x-1) } = \dfrac { (x-1)^{2} - x(x-2) } { (x-2)(x-1) }

2 ( x 2 ) ( x 1 ) = 1 ( x 2 ) ( x 1 ) \dfrac {2} {(x-2)(x-1)} = \dfrac {1} {(x-2)(x-1)}

1 ( x 2 ) ( x 1 ) = 0 \dfrac {1} {(x-2)(x-1)} = 0

Since the numerator is 1 1 , this is already not true, since the numerator must be 0 0 in order for the whole fraction to equal 0 0 .

3. Considering vertical asymptotes

Consider the graph of

y = x x 2 x + 1 x 1 y = \dfrac {x} {x-2} - \dfrac {x+1} {x-1}

y = x 1 x 2 x x 1 y = \dfrac {x-1} {x-2} - \dfrac {x} {x-1}

desmos.com

As you can see, x = 2 x=2 and x = 1 x=1 aren't solutions since these two functions are undefined at those points.


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