3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399...
During Pi Day, your teacher shared a file of the first 1,000,000 digits of Pi.
For fun, you performed a full-text search for the string "2017" and you were surprised to see the number of times it shows up in the 1,000,000 digits of Pi.
Which of the following answers represents the closest estimate of how many times you should find the string "2017" in the first 1,000,000 digits of Pi?
(Hint: Check out http://www.piday.org/million/ to test your guess.)
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Pi is a "normal number" - that is, the digits from 0-9 are distributed uniformly through its decimal expansion. Put differently, the digit 2 should appears roughly 10% of the time in the decimal expansion of Pi, or roughly 100,000 times in our 1,000,000 digit sample.
Following that logic:
1) the string "20" should appear about 1% of the 2-digit sequences, or 10,000 times in our 1,000,000 digit sample
2) the string "201" should appear about 0.1% of the 3-digit sequences, or 1,000 times in our 1,000,000 digit sample
3) the string "2017" should appear about 0.01% of the 4-digit sequences, or 100 times in our 1,000,000 digit sample
So, the answer should be closest to 100 . In fact, the string "2017" shows up exactly 101 times in the 1,000,000 digits of Pi.