Sliding ellipse

Geometry Level 5

Consider the family of ellipses with semi-axes of a = 5 a=5 and b = 4 b=4 that slides between two perpendicular lines.

When the locus of foci of the ellipses is written as an equation with integer coefficients, what is the smallest possible absolute value of the coefficient of x 2 y 2 x^2y^2 ?


The answer is 100.

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2 solutions

Let theta be the inclination of the major axis of ellipse.Let (x1,y1)be the focus.Then the centre of ellipse will be (x1 +aecos(theta),y1+aesin(theta)) where e is eccentricity of ellipse.We know that locus of point from where perpendicular tangents are drawn to ellipse is its director circle.Hence in the given question (0,0) lies on director circle of ellipse.We also know that locus of foot of perpendicular from focus on any tangent to ellipse is its auxiliary circle.Hence in the given question points (x1,0) and (0,y1) lie on auxiliary circle of ellipse.These two informations are sufficient to eliminate theta and find the required locus.We get the locus as. ( x 2 + y 2 ) ( x 2 y 2 + b 4 ) (x^2+y^2)(x^2y^2+b^4) = 4 a 2 x 2 y 2 4a^2x^2y^2 .Hence the answer is 4a^2=100.

You are a genius.What a fantastic and efficient solution!I could never ever think of such a solution.Fabulous!

Asad Bhai - 5 years, 5 months ago
Mark Hennings
Aug 23, 2016

If the major axis of the ellipse is inclined at an angle θ \theta to the x x -axis, then then coordinates of one of the two foci are x = a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 sin 2 θ + a e cos θ y = a 2 sin 2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ + a e sin θ x \; = \; \sqrt{a^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta} + ae\cos\theta \qquad \qquad y \; = \; \sqrt{a^2\sin^2\theta + b^2\cos^2\theta} + ae\sin\theta That the centre of the ellipse has coordinates ( a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 sin 2 θ , a 2 sin 2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ ) \big( \sqrt{a^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta} , \sqrt{a^2\sin^2\theta + b^2\cos^2\theta} \big) is an elementary deduction from the fact that the origin must lie on the ellipse's director's circle. But then ( x a e cos θ ) 2 = a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 sin 2 θ x 2 2 x a e cos θ b 2 = 0 cos θ = x 2 b 2 2 a e x \begin{array}{rcl} (x - ae\cos\theta)^2 & = & a^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta \\ x^2 - 2xae\cos\theta - b^2 & = & 0 \\ \cos\theta & = & \frac{x^2 - b^2}{2aex} \end{array} and, similarly, sin θ = y 2 b 2 2 a e y \sin\theta \; = \; \frac{y^2 - b^2}{2aey} so that ( x 2 b 2 2 a e x ) 2 + ( y 2 b 2 2 a e y ) 2 = 1 ( x 2 b 2 ) 2 y 2 + ( y 2 b 2 ) 2 x 2 = 4 a 2 e 2 x 2 y 2 x 4 y 2 + x 2 y 4 4 a 2 x 2 y 2 + b 4 x 2 + b 4 y 2 = 0 \begin{array}{rcl} \left(\frac{x^2 - b^2}{2aex}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{y^2 - b^2}{2aey}\right)^2 & = & 1 \\ (x^2 - b^2)^2y^2 + (y^2 - b^2)^2x^2 & = & 4a^2e^2x^2y^2 \\ x^4y^2 + x^2y^4 - 4a^2x^2y^2 + b^4x^2 + b^4y^2 & = & 0 \end{array} (or at least the portion of this curve for x , y > 0 x,y > 0 ) is the locus of the foci of the ellipse. Both foci traverse the same locus.

For this problem, then, the answer is 4 a 2 = 100 4a^2 = \boxed{100} .

Very nice solution sir.Your presentation is also very good.

Indraneel Mukhopadhyaya - 4 years, 9 months ago

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