Sly Stormy Snowy Snowflake

Geometry Level 5

As shown above, the unit regular hexagon is surrounded by six unit regular nonagons. Altogether, they form the cyan polygon, having 24 24 sides all of the unit length. Its area can be expressed as follows:

A sin π 9 + B sin 2 π 9 + C sin π 3 + D sin 4 π 9 A\sin\dfrac{\pi}{9} + B\sin\dfrac{2\pi}{9} + C\sin\dfrac{\pi}{3} + D\sin\dfrac{4\pi}{9}

where A , B , C , D A,B,C,D are all nonnegative integers. Which of these four variables contain(s) the unique value?

A A only B B only C C only D D only Two of them have unique values. None of them have unique values. All of them have unique values.

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1 solution

David Vreken
Mar 9, 2021

The snowflake can be tiled with 6 6 unit rhombi with an interior angle of π 9 \cfrac{\pi}{9} (purple), 18 18 unit rhombi with an interior angle of 2 π 9 \cfrac{2\pi}{9} (light blue), 24 24 unit rhombi with an interior angle of π 3 \cfrac{\pi}{3} (dark blue), and 12 12 unit rhombi with an interior angle of 4 π 9 \cfrac{4\pi}{9} (green).

So one way the area can be expressed is 6 sin π 9 + 18 sin 2 π 9 + 24 sin π 3 + 12 sin 4 π 9 6 \sin \cfrac{\pi}{9} + 18 \sin \cfrac{2\pi}{9} + 24 \sin \cfrac{\pi}{3} + 12 \sin \cfrac{4\pi}{9} , where A = 1 A = 1 , B = 3 B = 3 , C = 4 C = 4 , and D = 2 D = 2 .

Knowing the total area, the Python computer program below can be used to brute force other possible non-negative integer values for A A , B B , C C , and D D . Out of all the possibilities, C only has a unique value of 24 24 .

(We can also observe that there are always solutions for B = A + 12 B = A + 12 and D = 18 A D = 18 - A because of the identity sin π 9 + sin 2 π 9 = sin 4 π 9 \sin \cfrac{\pi}{9} + \sin \cfrac{2\pi}{9} = \sin \cfrac{4\pi}{9} .)


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import math
G = 6 * (math.sin(1.0 * math.pi / 9) + 3 * math.sin(2.0 * math.pi / 9) + 4 * math.sin(
    1.0 * math.pi / 3) + 2 * math.sin(4.0 * math.pi / 9))
for A in range(0, 6 * 24):
    for B in range(0, 6 * 13):
        for C in range(0, 6 * 10):
            for D in range(0, 6 * 9):
                V = A * math.sin(1.0 * math.pi / 9) + B * math.sin(2.0 * math.pi / 9) + C * math.sin(
                    1.0 * math.pi / 3) + D * math.sin(4.0 * math.pi / 9)
                if abs(V - G) < 0.00001:
                    print(A, B, C, D)

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(0, 12, 24, 18)
(1, 13, 24, 17)
(2, 14, 24, 16)
(3, 15, 24, 15)
(4, 16, 24, 14)
(5, 17, 24, 13)
(6, 18, 24, 12)
(7, 19, 24, 11)
(8, 20, 24, 10)
(9, 21, 24, 9)
(10, 22, 24, 8)
(11, 23, 24, 7)
(12, 24, 24, 6)
(13, 25, 24, 5)
(14, 26, 24, 4)
(15, 27, 24, 3)
(16, 28, 24, 2)
(17, 29, 24, 1)
(18, 30, 24, 0)

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