Smallest tangent sphere to three mutually tangent spheres

Geometry Level pending

Three spheres of radii 5 , 7 , 10 5, 7, 10 are placed in space tangent to each other. Find the radius of the smallest sphere that is tangent to all three spheres.


The answer is 1.059.

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1 solution

David Vreken
Feb 27, 2021

The cross-section passing through the centers of the three spheres would be three mutually tangent circles, and the smallest sphere that is tangent to them would be another mutually tangent circle to the original three:

By Descartes' Theorem , the radius r r of the small sphere satisfies the equation:

( 1 5 + 1 7 + 1 10 + 1 r ) = 2 ( 1 5 2 + 1 7 2 + 1 1 0 2 + 1 r 2 ) \bigg(\cfrac{1}{5} + \cfrac{1}{7} + \cfrac{1}{10} + \cfrac{1}{r}\bigg) = 2\bigg(\cfrac{1}{5^2} + \cfrac{1}{7^2} + \cfrac{1}{10^2} + \cfrac{1}{r^2}\bigg)

which solves to r = 280 77 2170 271 1.059 r = \cfrac{280\sqrt{77} - 2170}{271} \approx \boxed{1.059} .

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