Solvable Simultaneous Equations

Algebra Level 4

a , b a, b and c c are positive integers such that the simultaneous equations ( a 2 b ) x = 1 , (a-2b)x =1, ( b 2 c ) x = 1 (b-2c) x= 1 and x + 25 = c x + 25 = c have a positive solution for x x . What is the minimum value of a a ?


The answer is 107.

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6 solutions

Shivang Jindal
May 20, 2014

Adding the first solution to twice of the second, we have ( a 4 c ) x = 3 (a-4c)x = 3 . From the third equation, we have x = c 25 x = c- 25 , which gives ( c 25 ) ( a 4 c ) = 3 (c-25)(a-4c) = 3 . Since a , c a,c are integers this implies that c 25 c-25 and a 4 c a-4c both are integers and since x x is positive implies that c 25 c-25 is positive and so is a 4 c a-4c .

CASE 1: c 25 = 1 , a 4 c = 3 c = 26 , a = 107 c-25=1 , a-4c=3 \Rightarrow \ c = 26 , a=107 .

CASE 2: c 25 = 3 , a 4 c = 1 c = 28 , a = 113 c-25=3 , a-4c=1 \Rightarrow \ c=28 , a= 113

So we conclude that min ( a ) = 107 \min(a)=107 .

[Edits for clarity - Calvin]

This is the only correct solution that was submitted. Most solutions assumed that the minimum value of x x is 1, without explaining why. They also then didn't justify why this minimum value of x x would lead to the minimum value of a a .

What is a straightforward solution to this problem? All the necessary ingredients are already in the proof, but need to be expressed in a clearer manner. Points will be awarded for a solution that is worthy to be featured.

Calvin Lin Staff - 7 years ago
Calvin Lin Staff
May 13, 2014

Since a , b a, b and c c are positive integers and x x is positive, we must have c 26 , ( b 2 c ) 1 c \geq 26, (b-2c) \geq 1 and ( a 2 b ) 1 (a-2b) \geq 1 .

This implies that a 2 b + 1 2 ( 2 c + 1 ) + 1 2 ( 2 ( 26 ) + 1 ) + 1 = 107 a \geq 2b + 1\geq 2(2c+1) + 1 \geq 2 ( 2 (26) + 1 ) + 1 = 107 .

Note that ( a , b , c ) = ( 107 , 53 , 26 ) (a, b, c) = (107, 53, 26) has a solution at x = 1 x = 1 which is positive. Hence the minimum value of a a is 107 107 .

Saksham Srivastav
May 20, 2014

(a−2b)x=1/ (b−2c)x=1
a-2b=b-2c
a=3b-2c....(4)
from x+25=c from (3)
and b=1/x+2c from (2)
Substituting the value in
a=3b-2c
we get,
a=3/x+4x+100
for a to be minimum x should also be minimum
therefore,for x=1(least +ve soln)
a=3+4+100
a=107




Jian Rong Chua
May 20, 2014

The three equations are given such that x= \frac {1}{a-2b} = \frac {1}{b-2c} = c-25

As x is positive, the smallest value of a would also hold the smallest values of b and c from the relations described in the first two simulateous equations.

The third simultaneous equation can then be used to find the smallest possible value for the integer c, which is 26 such that x=1. Applying this into the second equation, the smallest value of b is 53, and the smallest value of a is thus 107.

First putting the value of x in (b-2c)x=1 (b-2(x+25))x=1 b-2x2-50x=1 b-1=2x2+50x b=2x2+50x+1 From here we will get the value of b in terms of x and then putting this value of b in (a-2b)x=1, we will get the value of a in terms of x (a-2(2x2+50x+1))x=1 a-4x3-100x2-2x=1 and as x is positive and the minimum value of x as positive will be 1 so putting 1 in place of x in the a a=1+4+100+2 a=107 we g0t the minimum value of a.

we know that x + 25 = c \large x+25=c and x is positive number so x minimum make a is minimum so x=1

and we can find c=26

( a 2 b ) x = 1 \large (a-2b)x=1 ( a 2 b ) x = ( b 2 c ) x \large (a-2b)x=(b-2c)x x 0 \large x\neq0 a + 2 c = 3 b \large a+2c=3b

( b 2 c ) x = 1 \large (b-2c)x=1 x=1 ( b 2 c ) = 1 \large (b-2c)=1 b = 2 c + 1 \large b=2c+1 b = 53 \large b=53

a + 2 c = 3 b \large a+2c=3b a + 2.26 = 3.53 \large a+2.26=3.53 so a = 107 \large a=107

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