Solve the quadratic with GIF

Algebra Level 4

x 2 7 x + 5 = 0 \large x^2 - 7\lfloor x\rfloor+5=0

What is the sum of the squares of roots of the equation above?

Notation: \lfloor \cdot \rfloor denotes the floor function.


The answer is 92.

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2 solutions

We know [ x ] x [x]\leq x

7 [ x ] 7 x \Rightarrow -7[x]\geq -7x

x 2 7 [ x ] + 5 x 2 7 x + 5 \Rightarrow x^{2}-7[x]+5\geq x^{2}-7x+5

Let f ( x ) = x 2 7 [ x ] + 5 f(x)=x^{2}-7[x]+5

and g ( x ) = x 2 7 x + 5 g(x)=x^{2}-7x+5

f ( x ) g ( x ) \Rightarrow f(x)\geq g(x)

For x 7 x\geq 7

g ( x ) 5 \Rightarrow g(x)\geq 5

f ( x ) 5 \Rightarrow f(x)\geq 5 as f ( x ) g ( x ) f(x)\geq g(x)

But we want the value of x x such that f ( x ) = 0 f(x)=0 which is less than 5

x < 7 \Rightarrow x<7

[ x ] 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 \Rightarrow [x] \in {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}

Since x 2 = 7 [ x ] 5 x^{2}=7[x]-5

Hence x 2 5 , 2 , 9 , 16 , 23 , 30 , 37 x^{2} \in {-5,2,9,16,23,30,37}

Since x 2 0 x^{2}\geq0 Therefore x 2 2 , 9 , 16 , 23 , 30 , 37 x^{2} \in 2,9,16,23,30,37

So now we have x 2 , 3 , 4 , 23 , 30 , 37 x\in \sqrt[ ]{2},3,4, \sqrt[ ]{23}, \sqrt[ ]{30},\ \sqrt[ ]{37}

Checking against the equation leaves x 2 , 23 , 30 , 37 x\in \sqrt[]{2}, \sqrt[]{23}, \sqrt[]{30}, \sqrt[]{37}

Therefore the sum of squares is 2 + 23 + 30 + 37 = 92 2+23+30+37=\boxed{92}

Mat Met
Feb 4, 2018

We can express x x in terms of its integral part x \lfloor x \rfloor and up from there draw some conclusions:

x 2 7 x + 5 = 0 x^2-7\lfloor x \rfloor +5=0

x = ± 7 x 5 x= \pm \sqrt[]{7\lfloor x \rfloor-5}

± 7 x 5 = x x ± 7 x 5 < x + 1 \left \lfloor \pm \sqrt[]{7\lfloor x \rfloor-5} \right \rfloor = \lfloor x \rfloor \; \Longrightarrow \; \lfloor x \rfloor \le \pm \sqrt[]{7\lfloor x \rfloor-5} < \lfloor x \rfloor +1

When then solving the inequality for x \lfloor x \rfloor , if we choose the negative sign we see that there are no solutions. As for + + instead, we get 7 29 2 x < 2 3 < x 7 + 29 2 \frac{7-\sqrt{29}}{2} \le \lfloor x \rfloor <2 \, \lor \, 3 < \lfloor x \rfloor \le \frac{7+\sqrt{29}}{2} and so rounding: 0.81 x < 2 3 < x 6.19 0.81 \le \lfloor x \rfloor < 2 \, \lor \, 3< \lfloor x \rfloor \le 6.19 .

Hence, x = \lfloor x \rfloor = 1 1 , 4 4 , 5 5 , 6 6 \, and the value of the sum is

x is a root x 2 = ( 7 1 5 ) + ( 7 4 5 ) + ( 7 5 5 ) + ( 7 6 5 ) = 92 \displaystyle \sum_{x \, \text{is a root}} x^2 = (7 \cdot 1-5)+( 7 \cdot 4-5 ) + (7 \cdot 5-5 )+( 7 \cdot 6-5 )= \boxed{92}

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