x 2 − 7 ⌊ x ⌋ + 5 = 0
What is the sum of the squares of roots of the equation above?
Notation: ⌊ ⋅ ⌋ denotes the floor function.
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We can express x in terms of its integral part ⌊ x ⌋ and up from there draw some conclusions:
x 2 − 7 ⌊ x ⌋ + 5 = 0
x = ± 7 ⌊ x ⌋ − 5
⌊ ± 7 ⌊ x ⌋ − 5 ⌋ = ⌊ x ⌋ ⟹ ⌊ x ⌋ ≤ ± 7 ⌊ x ⌋ − 5 < ⌊ x ⌋ + 1
When then solving the inequality for ⌊ x ⌋ , if we choose the negative sign we see that there are no solutions. As for + instead, we get 2 7 − 2 9 ≤ ⌊ x ⌋ < 2 ∨ 3 < ⌊ x ⌋ ≤ 2 7 + 2 9 and so rounding: 0 . 8 1 ≤ ⌊ x ⌋ < 2 ∨ 3 < ⌊ x ⌋ ≤ 6 . 1 9 .
Hence, ⌊ x ⌋ = 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 and the value of the sum is
x is a root ∑ x 2 = ( 7 ⋅ 1 − 5 ) + ( 7 ⋅ 4 − 5 ) + ( 7 ⋅ 5 − 5 ) + ( 7 ⋅ 6 − 5 ) = 9 2
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We know [ x ] ≤ x
⇒ − 7 [ x ] ≥ − 7 x
⇒ x 2 − 7 [ x ] + 5 ≥ x 2 − 7 x + 5
Let f ( x ) = x 2 − 7 [ x ] + 5
and g ( x ) = x 2 − 7 x + 5
⇒ f ( x ) ≥ g ( x )
For x ≥ 7
⇒ g ( x ) ≥ 5
⇒ f ( x ) ≥ 5 as f ( x ) ≥ g ( x )
But we want the value of x such that f ( x ) = 0 which is less than 5
⇒ x < 7
⇒ [ x ] ∈ 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6
Since x 2 = 7 [ x ] − 5
Hence x 2 ∈ − 5 , 2 , 9 , 1 6 , 2 3 , 3 0 , 3 7
Since x 2 ≥ 0 Therefore x 2 ∈ 2 , 9 , 1 6 , 2 3 , 3 0 , 3 7
So now we have x ∈ 2 , 3 , 4 , 2 3 , 3 0 , 3 7
Checking against the equation leaves x ∈ 2 , 2 3 , 3 0 , 3 7
Therefore the sum of squares is 2 + 2 3 + 3 0 + 3 7 = 9 2