Solve the System of Differential Equations

Calculus Level 3

Let x , y x,y solve the system x y = 1 x + y = 0 \begin{aligned} x'-y=&1 \\ x+y'=&0 \end{aligned} where x ( 0 ) = y ( 0 ) = 0 x(0) = y(0) = 0 . When t = π t=\pi , the point ( x , y ) (x,y) can be expressed as ( a , b ) (a,b) where a , b a,b are integers. What is a + b a+b ?


The answer is -2.

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1 solution

Vincent Moroney
Jun 10, 2018

Firstly notice x ( 0 ) = 1 x'(0)=1 and y ( 0 ) = 0 y'(0)=0 . First we solve the y y set. To do this we differentiate the second equation to substitute into the first. This produces y + y = 1. y'' + y = -1. Taking the Laplace transform of this differential equation produces L ( y ) ( s 2 + 1 ) = 1 s \mathcal{L}(y) (s^2 +1) = \frac{-1}{s} L ( y ) = s s 2 + 1 1 s \mathcal{L}(y) = \frac{s}{s^2+1}-\frac{1}{s} then taking the inverse Laplace transform gives y = L 1 ( s s 2 + 1 ) L 1 ( 1 s ) y = \mathcal{L}^{-1}\Big(\frac{s}{s^2+1} \Big)-\mathcal{L}^{-1}\Big( \frac{1}{s}\Big) y = cos ( t ) 1. y = \cos(t) -1. The exact same process for the x x equation produces L ( x ) ( s 2 + 1 ) = 1 \mathcal{L}(x) (s^2+1) = 1 L ( x ) = 1 s 2 + 1 \mathcal{L}(x) = \frac{1}{s^2+1} which obviously has the inverse transform x = sin ( t ) x = \sin(t) so ( x , y ) = ( sin ( t ) , cos ( t ) 1 ) (x,y) = (\sin(t), \cos(t)-1) and at t = π t=\pi we get ( x , y ) = ( sin ( π ) , cos ( π ) 1 ) = ( 0 , 2 ) (x,y) = (\sin(\pi), \cos(\pi)-1) = (0,-2) therefore a + b = 2 \boxed{a+b = -2} .

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