Find the sum of all real numbers x such that 5 x 4 − 1 0 x 3 + 1 0 x 2 − 5 x − 1 1 = 0 .
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For f ( x ) = x 4 − 2 x 3 + 2 x 2 − x − 5 1 1 we have f ′ ( x ) = 4 x 3 − 6 x 2 + 4 x − 1 , f ′ ′ ( x ) = 1 2 x 2 − 1 2 x + 4 and f ′ ′ ′ ( x ) = 2 4 x − 1 2 . Since f ′ ′ ′ ( 2 1 ) = f ′ ( 2 1 ) = 0 , the function f ( x ) is even at 2 1 . Since f ′ ′ ( x ) > 0 throughout, the graph of f ( x ) is convex, and f ( x ) has exactly two real roots 2 1 ± a . Thus the answer is 1 .
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5 x 4 − 1 0 x 3 + 1 0 x 2 − 5 x − 1 1 x 5 − 5 x 4 + 1 0 x 3 − 1 0 x 2 + 5 x − 1 ( x − 1 ) 5 ⟹ x 5 − ( x − 1 ) 5 − 1 2 ( u + 2 1 ) 5 − ( u − 2 1 ) 5 − 1 2 5 u 4 + 2 5 u 2 + 1 6 1 − 1 2 8 0 u 4 + 4 0 u 2 − 1 9 1 = 0 = x 5 − 1 2 = x 5 − 1 2 = 0 = 0 = 0 = 0 Let x 5 − 1 2 subtracts both sides. Let u = x − 2 1
⟹ u 2 ⟹ u = 1 6 0 − 4 0 + 6 2 7 2 0 = 1 0 7 5 − 4 1 = ⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎧ u 1 = + α u 2 = − α ⟹ x 1 = 2 1 + α ⟹ x 2 = 2 1 − α Since u 2 > 0 where α = 1 0 7 5 − 4 1
Therefore, the sum of real roots x 1 + x 2 = 1 .