Some numbers are missing from S!

Geometry Level 3

Given that S = { 3 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 , . . . , 91 , 92 , 93 , 95 , 96 , 97 } S = \big\{3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, ..., 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97\big\} , compute

i S cos ( j = 1 i π j ) \large \sum_{i \in S}{\cos \left(\sum_{j=1}^i{\pi j} \right)}

0 23 -1 24 1 22

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1 solution

the number of the form 4 k + 2 4k+2 have been removed from S S . There are exactly 24 24 numbers for each type 4 k 4k , 4 k + 1 4k+1 and 4 k + 3 4k+3 . If the number i i is of either 4 k 4k or 4 k + 3 4k+3 types, then π j = 1 i j \pi \sum_{j=1}^{i} j is an even number and, consequently its cosine is 1 1 . If the number i i is of type 4 k + 1 4k+1 , then π j = 1 i j \pi \sum_{j=1}^{i} j is an odd number and, consequently its cosine is 1 -1 . There are 24 × 2 24 \times 2 ones and 24 24 minus ones, so, they add up to 24 24 .

What do you mean by the number can be the form of 4 k + 2 4k+2 and why?

Jovan Boh Jo En - 2 years ago

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I suppose, the person, who has created the problem, wanted us to discover a pattern in the integers, that are members of the set S S . The pattern, however, has not been mention explicitly.

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