n = 2 ∑ ∞ { ζ ( 2 n − 1 ) } = ?
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@Hummus a Is the integral which you used for the zeta function common??? Or else, how did you come up with it???
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It is not "common" but it is easily derived from the zeta-gamma function product
ζ ( z ) Γ ( z ) = ∫ 0 ∞ e x − 1 x z − 1 d x , R ( z ) > 1
Blackpenredpen did a popular derivation of this identity on his channel.
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Ohh!!! But I have already derived it myself so its fine....thanks!! :)
Let S = n = 2 ∑ ∞ ( ζ ( 2 n − 1 ) )
Note that { x } = x − ⌊ x ⌋ and ζ ( n ) − 1 < 1 , where n ≥ 2 , so we can write
S = n = 2 ∑ ∞ k = 1 ∑ ∞ ( k 2 n − 1 1 − ⌊ k 2 n − 1 1 ⌋ ) = n = 2 ∑ ∞ k = 2 ∑ ∞ ( k 2 n − 1 1 )
Note this can be expanded and rearranged into a sum of geometric series:
S = ( 2 3 1 + 2 5 1 + ⋯ ) + ( 3 3 1 + 3 5 1 + ⋯ ) + ⋯ = k = 2 ∑ ∞ 1 − k 2 1 k 3 1 = k = 2 ∑ ∞ k ( k 2 − 1 ) 1
We can use partial fractions to decompose this and simplify:
S = k = 2 ∑ ∞ ( 2 ( k + 1 ) 1 + 2 ( k − 1 ) 1 − k 1 ) = k = 3 ∑ ∞ ( 2 k 1 ) + k = 1 ∑ ∞ ( 2 k 1 ) − k = 2 ∑ ∞ ( k 1 ) = 2 k = 3 ∑ ∞ ( 2 k 1 ) + 2 ( 1 ) 1 + 2 ( 2 ) 1 − k = 3 ∑ ∞ ( k 1 ) − 2 1 = 4 1 = 0 . 2 5
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We begin by noting that ⌊ ζ ( n ) ⌋ = 1 , n ≥ 2 .
Therefore our sum is
S = n = 2 ∑ ∞ ζ ( 2 n − 1 ) − 1
For any n > 1 we have
ζ ( n ) − 1 = ∫ 0 ∞ ( n − 1 ) ! x n − 1 ⋅ e x ( e x − 1 ) d x
Hence after plugging in we obtain
S = n = 2 ∑ ∞ ∫ 0 ∞ ( 2 n − 2 ) ! x 2 n − 2 ⋅ e x ( e x − 1 ) d x
We recognize the cosh ( x ) Taylor Series here:
cosh ( x ) − 1 = n = 1 ∑ ∞ ( 2 n ) ! x 2 n = n = 2 ∑ ∞ ( 2 n − 2 ) ! x 2 n − 2
Therefore the sum becomes
S = ∫ 0 ∞ e x ( e x − 1 ) cosh ( x ) − 1 d x
Recall that
cosh x = 2 e x + e − x
Hence, S = ∫ 0 ∞ 2 ( e x − 1 ) 1 + e − 2 x − 2 e − x d x = ∫ 0 ∞ 2 ( e x − 1 ) ( e x − 1 ) ( e − x − e − 2 x ) d x = ∫ 0 ∞ 2 e x − e − x d x
Which is easily evaluated to be S = 4 1 = . 2 5 0